Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Jeopardy Game - Burns
Jeopardy Game - Burns
Burns
Burns I
Burns II
Burns
III
Burns
IV
Burns V
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Thermal Burns
Thermal burn results from exposure to dry heat (flames) or
moist heat (steam and hot liquids).
Chemical burns occur as a result of accidents in homes or
industry when chemicals come in direct contact with the skin
and epithelial tissues or are ingested.
Electrical burns occur when an electrical current enters the
body.
Radiation burns are usually associated with sunburn or
radiation treatment for cancer.
Inhalation injury is a frequent and often lethal complication of
burns that can range from mild respiratory inflammation to
massive
200
Carbon monoxide, a common asphyxiant, is a
colorless, tasteless, odorless gas that has a 200 times
greater affinity for hemoglobin than does oxygen. It
displaces oxygen to bind with hemoglobin. Thus, it
impairs both oxygen delivery and cellular oxygen use
resulting to tissue hypoxia.
Rule of nines
Rule of nines is a quick and common method of estimating the total
body surface area of the burn wound during the prehospital and
emergency care phases.
Other methods:
Lund and Browder method is a more accurate method for estimating
the extent of the burn injury used on the the patients admission
hospital, critical care area, or burn center.
The "rule of palm" or palm method is another way to estimate the
size of a burn. The size of the patients palm not including the surface
area of the digits is approximately 1 % of the TBSA.
Superficial Partial-thickness
Burn
This may be caused by injuries as a brief exposure to flash
flame or dilute chemical agents, or contact with a hot surface.
In this type of burn, the wounds are red and moist and blanch
when pressure is applied. Blister forms due to the leakage of
large amounts of plasma from the damaged small blood
vessels. Touch and pain sensation remain intact. Pain in
response to temperature and air is usually severe. This type
of injury may heal within 21 days with minimal or no scarring,
but pigment changes are common.
Emergent Phase
The emergent/ resuscitative stage lasts
from the onset of injury through
successful fluid resuscitation. During
this stage, healthcare workers estimate
the extent of burn injury, institute firstaid measures, and implement fluid
resuscitation therapies.
Bronchoscopy
A bronchoscopy is performed to examine the vocal
cords and airways of patients at risk for obstruction.
Patients with severe smoke inhalation or poisoning
may require a bronchoscopy on admission and
routinely thereafter for examination of the respiratory
tract, deep suctioning of the lungs, and removal of
sloughing necrotic tissue.
Tetanus toxoid
The current protocol for tetanus immunization in clients
with any burn injury is the same with other types of
trauma. Clients who have not received immunization
against tetanus within the past 5 years should receive
a tetanus toxoid booster. For clients who have not
been immunized, tetanus immunoglobulin, a passive
immunizing agent, and the first of a series of
immunizations with tetanus toxoid should be
administered.
48-72 hours
The acute phase of recovery following a
major burn begins when the patient is
hemodynamically stable, capillary integrity is
restored, and diuresis has begun. This timepoint begins at approximately 48-72 hours
after the time of injury
Curlings ulcer
Curlings ulcer, a type of gastroduodenal ulcer characterized
by diffuse superficial lesions, is caused by a generalized
stress response resulting in decreased production of mucus
and increased gastric acid secretion. Prevention is the best
treatment to this condition, but prophylactic use of antacids
and H2-histamine blockers like Ranitidine and proton-pump
inhibitors like Esomeprazole may be used to inhibit
stimulation of hydrochloric acid secretion or reduce gastric
acid secretion.
Debridement
Debridement involves the removal of eschar, exudate and
crusts. This promotes wound healing by preventing bacterial
proliferation in and under the devitalized tissue. Debridement
of the burn wound is accomplished through mechanical,
enzymatic, or surgical means.
Rehabilitative stage
The rehabilitative stage begins with wound closure and ends
when the patient returns to the highest level of health
restoration, which may take years. During this stage, the
primary focus is the biopsychosocial adjustment of the
patient, specifically the prevention of contractures and scars
and the patients successful resumption of work, family, and
social roles through physical, vocational, occupational, and
psychosocial rehabilitation. The patient is taught to perform
range-of-motion exercises to enhance mobility and to support
injured joints.
22.5
The anterior trunk has superficial partial-thickness burns and
is calculated in TBSA as 18%. The arm has a deep partialthickness burn and is calculated as 4.5%. The burn on the
lower back is superficial and is not calculated in TBSA.
2080 mL
The modified Brooke formula is 2 mL total kg of body
weight % TBSA. In this situation, 2 mL 52 kg 40 = 4160
mL. One-half is given over the first eight hours, or 2080 mL.