Overview

• Continent: North America

• Capitol: Ottawa
• Canada is a federation of 10
provinces and three territories
• Important cities include
Toronto,Montreal, Vancouver,
Edmonton, Calgary, Winnipeg,
Hamilton, and Quebec.
 CANADA -- LOCATION & GEOGRAPHY
 Canada consists of all of the North American continent north of the
United States except Alaska and the small French islands of St. Pierre
and Miquelon.
 Its total land area of 9,976,140 sq km makes it the second-largest
country in the world.
 Canada is bounded on the N by the Arctic Ocean, on the E by
Kennedy Channel, Nares Strait, Baffin Bay, Davis Strait, and the
Atlantic Ocean, on the S by the United States, and on the W by the
Pacific Ocean and the US state of Alaska.
 Canada's capital city, Ottawa,is located in the southeastern.
 In the east the Gulf of St. Lawrence and the Atlantic. The St.
Lawrence plain, covering most of southern Quebec and Ontario.
 Westward toward the Pacific, most of British Columbia, the Yukon,
and part of western Alberta are covered by mountain ranges,Rockies.
 The highest point in Canada is Mount Logan (19,850 ft; 6,050 m),
which is in the Yukon. The two principal river systems are the
Mackenzie and the St. Lawrence.
 Climate

 Most of northern Canada has subarctic or arctic climates, with

long cold winters lasting 8 to 11 months, short sunny
summers, and little precipitation. In contrast, the populated
south has a variety of climatological landscapes. The
temperature ranges from -31 ｡ C (-24 ｡ F) in January to 16 ｡ C
(61 ｡ F) in July.
 It get about 150-300 cm (60-120 in) of rain annually.
 The annual average number of days of precipitation ranges
from 252 to 100.
POPULATION
 The population of Canada in
2005 was 33,390,141 which
placed it as number 36 in
population among the 193
nations of the world.
 There were 98 males for every
100 females in the country in
2003.
 According to the UN, the
annual population growth rate
for 20003-2005 is 0.77%, with
the projected population for the
year 2015 at 34,133,000.
 The population density in 2002
was 3 per sq km (8 per sq mi).
LANGUAGE
 English and French are the
official languages of Canada
and have equal status and
equal rights and privileges as
to their use in all
governmental institutions.
 Although Canada is
frequently referred to as a
bilingual country, only a
minority are able to speak
both English and French.
 Religions in Canada

 Roman Catholic 46%, Protestant 36%, other 18%

50
45
40
35 Roman
30 Catholic
25 Protesta
nt
20 Other
15
10
5
0
 Government
Canada is a federation of ten provinces (Alberta, British
Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland
and Labrador, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward
Island, Quebec, and Saskatchewan) and three
territories (Northwest Territories, Yukon, and Nunavut).
Formally considered a constitutional monarchy, Canada
is governed by its own House of Commons. While the
governor-general is officially the representative of
Queen Elizabeth II, in reality the governor-general acts
only on the advice of the Canadian prime minister.
 HISTORY(1/2)

• The first inhabitants of Canada were native Indian peoples, primarily

the Inuit (Eskimo).
• Canada was taken for France in 1534 by Jacques Cartier. The actual
settlement of New France, as it was then called, began in 1604 at Port
Royal in what is now Nova Scotia
• In 1608, Quebec was founded. France's colonization efforts were not
very successful, but French explorers by the end of the 17th century
had penetrated beyond the Great Lakes to the western prairies.
• During the Seven Years' War (1756–1763), England extended its
conquest, and the Brit ish general James Wolfe won his famous victory
over Gen. Louis Montcalm outside Quebec on Sept. 13, 1759.
• The country was linked from coast to coast in 1885 by the Canadian
Pacific Railway
 HISTORY(2/2)

• Queen Elizabeth II signed the Constitution Act (also called the

Canada Act) in Ottawa on April 17, 1982, thereby cutting the
last legal tie between Canada and Britain.
• On April 1, 1999, the Northwest Territories were officially
divided to create a new territory in the east that would be
governed by Canada's Inuits, who make up 85% of the area's
population.
• In February 2007, Canada's Supreme Court struck down a
law that permitted foreign terrorism suspects to be detained
indefinitely without charges while waiting for deportation.
 Since World War II the development of Canada's manufacturing, mining, and
service sectors has led to the creation of an affluent society. Services now
account for 68.5% of the GDP, while industry accounts for 29%. Tourism and
financial services represent some of Canada's most important industries within the
service sector. Manufacturing, however, is Canada's single most important
economic activity. The leading products are transportation equipment, hemicals,
processed and unprocessed minerals, processed foods, wood and paper
products, fish, petroleum, natural gas, electrical and electronic products, printed
materials, machinery, and clothing. Industries are centered in Ontario, Quebec,
and, to a lesser extent, British Columbia and Alberta. Canada's industries depend
on the country's rich energy resources, which include hydroelectric power,
petroleum (including extensive oil sands), natural gas, coal, and uranium.