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Muscles of Mastication
Muscles of Mastication
Muscles of Mastication
:PRESENTED BY
Dr LALIT SINGH NEGI
PG STUDENT
3
: GUIDED BY
Dr NAGESH BINJOO
Dr PUNEET BHARGAVA
Dr CHANDNI SHEKHAWAT
Dr ROOPIKA HANDA
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
TMJ MOVEMENTS
CHIEF MUSCLES OF MASTICATION
ACCESSORY MUSCLES OF MASTICATION
CLINICAL EXAMINATION
MEDICAL & SURGICAL CONSIDERATIONS
CLINICAL APPLIED
CONCLUSION
BIBLIOGRAPHY
MUSCLES
DEFINITION :
MUSCLES OF
MASTICATION
During mastication ie chewing of food, four
MOVEMENTS
1. Depression of mandible
(mouth opening)
3 muscle groups
1- lateral pterygoid
2- Suprahyoid. 3- Infrahyoid.
1- Masseter.
2- Medial
pterygoid.
3- Anterior half of temporalis muscle.
3. Protrusion of mandible
(forwards)
3 muscles 1- Lateral pterygoid. 2- Masseter.
3- Medial pterygoid.
main one
is Lateral pterygoid.
4. Retrusion/Retraction of
mandible
(backwards)
by 1- Posterior half of temporalis
2- Deep part of masseter
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Masseter muscle
Temporalis muscle
Medial pterygoid muscle
Lateral pterygoid muscle
11
THE MASSETER
Thick,
somewhat
quadrilateral
muscle
It has two
Deep part
heads:
superficial andSuperficial
part
deep
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ACTIONS OF MASSETER
Innervation:
Mandibular division
of trigeminal nerve
through masseteric
nerve which passes
through the
mandibular notch to
enter its deep
surface.
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Blood supply:
masseteric artery
from the 2nd part of
maxillary artery
18
Action:
20
Innervation:
Deep temporal
branches of
mandibular nerve.
21
Blood supply:
Deep temporal
branches of
maxillary artery.
22
and inferior
23
backward to be inserted
into the neck of mandible
OF ORAL MEDICINE, DIAGNOSIS &
and DEPT
articular
disc of TMJ.
RADIOLOGY
Innervation:
Ant. division of
mandibular
nerve through
lateral
pterygoid nerve
24
Blood supply:
maxillary artery
25
Action:
acting together they
protrude and depress the
mandible;
acting alone and
alternatively they produce
side to side movements of the
mandible.
26
Innervation:
main trunk of
mandibular nerve
through nerve to
medial pterygoid
it also innervates
Tensor veli
palatini & Tensor
tympani.
28
Blood supply:
Maxillary artery
through the medial
pterygoid artery
From the 2nd part
29
Action:
assets in elevating
and protrusion of
the mandible
acts together with
lat. Pterygoid of the
same side in
rotating the
mandible
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31
ACCESSORY MUSCLES
OF MASTICATION
32
Accessory muscles of
mastication are those muscles
which assist the main muscles
of mastication to move the
mandible during mastication
.and speech
These are mylohyoid,
geniohyoid and diagastric
.muscles
DEPT OF ORAL MEDICINE, DIAGNOSIS &
RADIOLOGY
mandible.
Posterior belly originates from the mastoid notch of the
temporal bone.
INSERTION:
NERVE SUPPLY:
Anterior belly is supplied by the
mylohyoid nerve
Posterior belly is supplied by the
facial nerve.
ACTIONS:
Helps to depress the mandible when
the mouth is opened widely or
against resistance. This action is
secondary to that of the lateral
pterygoid.
Elevates the hyoid bone
34
NERVE SUPPLY:
It is supplied by mylohyoid nerve
ACTIONS:
Elevates the floor of the mouth during
36
THE GENIOHYOID
MUSCLE
A short and narrow muscle which lies above the medial part of
the mylohyoid.
ORIGIN:
From the inferior mental spine (genial tubercle) of the mandible.
INSERTION:
The fibers run backwards and downwards to be inserted into the
anterior surface of the body of the hyoid bone.
NERVE SUPPLY:
1st cervical nerve. The fibers pass through the hypoglossal nerve.
ACTIONS:
Elevates the hyoid bone.
May depress the mandible when the hyoid bone is fixed
37
CLINICAL
EXAMINATION
The temporalis muscles should be examined
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44
TREATMENT:
To relieve the symptoms of this syndrome, it is
necessary to break the stress-pain-stress cycle and
to treat the emotional and physical components of
the disease.
Other treatment modalities include:
Spray and stretch: fluoromethane refrigerant spray
can be applied to the skin overlying the involved
muscles. This anesthetizes the area and allows the
patient to slowly stretch the muscles in spasm.
Injecting local anesthetic solution without
epinephrine in the involved muscle. Helpful in
breaking the spasm and disrupting the stress-painstress cycle.
46
FACIAL PARALYSIS:
Facial paralysis is a disfiguring condition since it leads to
not only the inactivity of one side of the face during the
active movements of smiling, frowning, but also causes
obliteration of the facial furrows that are very important in
facial expression.
The muscles paralysis manifests itself by the drooping of
the corner of the mouth, from which the saliva may run,
the watering of the eye, and inability to close the eye
which may lead to infection.
The patient has typical mask like appearance.
TREATMENT:
CONCLUSION
It is of utmost importance to have a thorough
BIBLIOGRAPHY
GRAYS ANATOMY: 38TH EDITION
CUNNIGHAMS MANUAL OF PRACTICAL
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