PLANER MACHINES

Presented By:
Josell L. Caipang
Richard E. Lagata

What is a planer ?

A planer is a type of metalworking machine

tool that is some what similar to a shaper, but
larger, and with the entire workpiece moving
beneath the cutter, instead of the cutter moving
above a stationary workpiece. The work table is
moved back and forth on the bed beneath the
cutting head either by mechanical means, such as
a rack and pinion gear, or by a hydraulic cylinder.
Planers and shapers were used generally for two
types of work: generating accurate flat surfaces
and cutting slots.

Rack and Pinion gear

Rack and Pinion gear

Uses Of a Modern Planer

Modern planers are used by smaller tool and die

shops within larger production facilities to maintain
and repair large stamping dies and plastic injection
moulds. Additional uses include any other task
where an abnormally large (usually in the range of
4'8' or more) block of metal must be squared
when a horizontal grinder or floor mill is
unavailable, too expensive, or impractical to use.
While not as precise as grinding, a planer can
remove a tremendous amount of material in one
pass with high accuracy.

There are two types of planers for metal: doublehousing and open-side. The double-housing
variety has vertical supports on both sides of its
long bed; the open-side variety has a vertical
support on only one side, allowing the workpiece
to extend beyond the bed. Metal planers can
vary in size from a table size of 30"72" to
20'62', and in weight from around 20,000 lbs to
over 1,000,000 lbs

CLASSIFICATION OF
PLANER
Planer are generally divided into 5 types

Double housing planer

Opens side planer
Edge type planer
Divide table planer
Pit type planer

DOUBLE HOUSING
PLANER

Massive bed on which worktable

reciprocates
Two vertical columns on which two tool
head slides
Cross rail fitted between two columns
and carries one or two heads slides
horizontally.
All the tools works according to
requirement.

OPEN SIDE PLANER

It consist of one vertical column may

be mounted on the cross rail
column and cross rail consist of single
and double tool head
Used for the machining of wide work
pieces

EDGE TYPE PLANER

Used for the machining on the edges of

heavy work pieces
Work piece is clamped on the bed
Carriage is mounted on the side.
Cutting tool reciprocates on the edges of
work piece
Cutting takes place on both direction of
carriage travel.

EDGE TYPE

DIVIDE TYPE
PLANER

it also called tandem planer.

Consist of two worktable.
Used for continuous mass production.
On one table the work piece is being
machined and on the other table work
piece is on standby.
Two table are also join together when
needed.

DIVIDE TYPE PLANER

PIT TYPE PLANER

On this type work piece and tool are

stationary and table reciprocates.
Used for the machining of heavy bulky
work piece
One or two tool heads can be mounted
on the cross rail. Two side tool post are
mounted if needed.

PLANING MACHINE
PARTS
The principle parts of the planer are:
Bed
Table
Column
Cross rail
Tool head

BED

The bed of a planer is

large in size and heavy in
weight
It supports the column
and all other moving parts
of the machine
It is made slightly longer
than twice the length of
the table so that the full
length of the table may
be moved on it

TABLE

The table supports the work

and reciprocates along the
ways of the bed
Table is made from good
quality cast iron
The top face of the table is
accurately finished in order to
locate the work correctly
T-slots are provided on the
entire length of the table so
that the work and work
holding devices may be
bolted upon it

COLUMN

These are rigid box-like

vertical structures placed on
each side of the bed and are
fastened to the sides of the
bed
They are heavily ribbed to
trace up severe forces due
to cutting
The cross rail may be made
to slide up and down for
accommodating different
heights of work

CROSSRAIL

It is a rigid box-like casting

connecting the two columns
It may be raised or lowered on
the face of the housing and can
be clamped at a desired position
by manual or electrical clamping
devices
It should remain absolutely
parallel to the top surface of the
table
It is necessary to generate a flat
horizontal surface on a work
piece because the tool follows the
part on the cross rail during cross
feed

TOOLHEAD

Tool heads are mounted on

the cross rail by a saddle
The saddle may be made to
move transversely on the
cross rail to give cross feed
The swivel base is pivoted on
the saddle and is graduated
on each side to 60 degrees
the clapper block is hinged at
hinge pins to the clapper
block and it holds the tool
post in which the tool is
clamped by straps

Tool and Applications

Magnetic base dial test

indicator

PLANER
OPERATIONS

Introduction
Operations performed in a planer are similar
to that of a shaper. The only difference is that
a planer is specially designed for planning
large work, whereas a shaper can machine
only small work. The common types of work
machined in a planer are: the bases and
tables of all kinds of machine tools, large
structures, frames of different engines and
identical pieces of work which may be small
in size but large in number.

The common operations

performed in a planer are:

Planning flat horizontal surfaces.

Planning vertical surfaces.
Planning at an angle and machining
dovetails.
Planning curved surfaces.
Planning slots and grooves.

Planning horizontal surfaces:While machining horizontal surface, the

work is given a reciprocating movement
along with the table and the tool is fed
crosswise to complete the cut. Both the
railheads may be used for simultaneous
removal of the metal from two cutting
edges.

Planning vertical
surface:The vertical surface of a work is planed
by adjusting the saddle horizontally along
the cross rail until the tool is in a position
to give the required depth of cut. The
vertical slide is adjusted perpendicular to
the planer table and the apron is
swiveled in a direction so that the tool will
swing clear out of the machined surface
during the return stroke.

Planning angular
surface:

For dovetail work , cutting v grooves

etc. the tool head is swiveled to the
required angle and the apron is then
further swiveled away from the work to
give relief to the tool cutting edges
during the return stroke.

Planning curved
surface:This illustrates simple method of planning
a concave surface with the aid of a
special fixture consisting of a radius arm 3
and a bracket 2. the bracket is connected
to the cross member attached to the two
housings. One end of the radius arm 3 is
pivoted on the bracket and the other end
to the vertical slide 4 of the tool head. The
down feed screw of the tool head is
removed.

Planning slots or
grooves:Slots or grooves are cut by using slotting
tools. The operations is similar to that of
a shaper.

PLANNER TOOLS

The cutting tools used on planers are

all single point cutting tools.
They are in general similar in shapes
and tool angles to those used on a
lathe and shaping machine.
As a planer tool has to take up heavy
cut and coarse feed during a long
cutting stroke , the tools are made
heavier and larger in cross section.

Planer tools may be solid , forged type or

bit type.
Bits are made of high speed steel, stellite
or cemented carbide and they may be
brazed , welded or clamped on a mild
steel shank.
Cemented carbide tipped tools are used
for production work.
A planer tool may also be classified as
right hand or left hand and roughing or
finishing .

The typical tools used in a

planer are:- Right hand round
nosed roughing tool for cast
iron.

Right hand round nosed roughing

tool for steel.

Square nosed side facing

roughing tool for cast iron.

Gooseneck finishing tool for cast

iron and steel.

Left hand dovetail end cutting

roughing tool for cast iron.

Cutting Speed ,Feed And

Depth Of Cut.
Cutting speed.
Feed.
Depth of cut.

CUTTING SPEED:
The cutting speed of a planner is the
rate at the metal is removed during
the forward cutting stroke.

FEED:

The feed in planning machine is the

distance the tool head travels at the
beginning of each cutting stroke
expressed in mm per double stroke.

DEPTH OF CUT.

It is the thickness of metal removed in

one cut and is measured by the
perpendicular distance between the
machined and no machined surface
expressed in mm.

MACHINING TIME.

The cutting speed , feed , length of

cutting stroke , breadth of the job and
number of double strokes per minute for
a planer operation are known , the
machining time required for one
complete cut may be calculated .

SAFETY ON THE PLANER.

Protect the machine from burrs and

irregularities of the work pieces .
Leveling of machine tables should of
the maintained properly.
Use of crane in fixing the work piece
should be done carefully. The operator
must attach a clamp and a sling before
the part is picked up by the crane.

For the surfacing work the tool head is set

vertically . Appropriate tests should be
carried out for the same.
The depth of the cut and the feed rate are
always dependent on materials of tool and
work piece . It should not be set at a high
value just because the planner is a powerful
machine tool.
Safety clutch must be provide for feed and
power rapid traverse , to prevent breakage in
the event the table should run against an
obstruction.

THANK YOU