Module IV: Leadership and

Management
Dr. Ashok Kumar
Professor and Head (HR & OB
Area)
Amity Business School
Lucknow

Module IV: Content

What is leadership; Importance of
Leadership;
Difference between Leadership and
Management
Introduction to:
Servant and Spiritual leadership
Authentic and Ethical Leadership;
Charismatic and transformational
Leadership

Leadership is not about how good I am, but it

is about how good are people because of me

What is Leadership?

Leadership is the ability to

influence individuals or
groups to think, feel and
take willingly and
enthusiastically action to
achieve goals.

Leadership
The ability to influence a group
toward the achievement of a vision
or set of goals

Three Basic Styles of

Leadership
Democratic
Autocratic
Laissez faire

Factors Affecting Style

Personality and characteristics of
leaders
Types of followers
Situation in hand

Cross-Cultural Models of Leadership

The Charismatic Model

Technical Model
Political Process Model
Democratic Centralism Model

Difference Between
Leadership and
Management

Kotter: Management and

Leadership
Management
Reduces uncertainty
Stabilizes organizations

Leadership
Creates uncertainty
Creates change

Kotter: Management and

Leadership
Management Characteristics
Planning and budgeting
Organizing and staffing
Controlling and problem solving

Leadership Characteristics
Setting a direction for the organization
Using communication to align people
with that direction
Motivating people to action through
empowerment and basic need
gratification

Leaders and Managers

Personality
Dimension

Manager

Attitudes toward Impersonal, passive,

goals
functional; goals arise
out of necessity and
reality
Conceptions of
work

Leader
Personal, active; goals arise
from desire and imagination

Combines people, ideas, Looks for fresh approaches

things; seeks moderate
to old problems; seeks highrisk, enables process
risk with high payoffs

Relationships
with others

Prefers to work with

others; avoids close and
intense relationships,
avoids conflicts

Comfortable in solitary work;

encourages close, intense
relationships; not averse to
conflict

Sense of self

Born once; accepts life

as it is; unquestioning

Born twice; struggles for

sense of order, questions life

Leadership: The Paradigm Shift

Manager
Boss
Mentor
Control
Short term Focus
Focus
Forced change
Entrepreneurism
Rules
Position Power
Power
Departments
Blaming

Leader
Coach and
Empowerment
Long term

Shared Values
Relationship
Teams
Collaborating

Leading and Managing

Management is a career, leading is a
calling
You manage things, while you lead
people
Management is about arms and
hands, leadership is about heads and
hearts
Management is about the present,
leadership is about the future

Servant and Spiritual

Leadership

Servant- Leader: The

Concept
Robert K. Greenleaf first coined the
phrase "servant leadership" in his
1970 essay, "
The Servant as a Leader."
However, it's an approach that
people have used for centuries.
As a servant leader, you're a
"servant first" you focus on the
needs of others, especially team
members, before you consider your

Servant Leadership
A servant-leader focuses primarily on
the growth and well-being of people and
the communities to which they belong.
While traditional leadership generally
involves the accumulation and exercise
of power by one at the top of the
pyramid, servant leadership is
different.
The servant-leader shares power, puts
the needs of others first and helps
people develop and perform as highly as
possible

Servant-Leadership- A Philosphy
Servant leadership is not a leadership style or
technique as such. Rather it's a way of
behaving that you adopt over the longer
term. It complements democratic leadership
styles,andit has similarities with
Transformational Leadership which is
often the most effective style to use in
business situations and
Level 5 Leadership which is
whereleaders demonstrate humility in the
way they work

Five Ways for Servant-Leadership

1. Every person has value and deserves civility,
trust, and respect
2. People can accomplish much when inspired by
a purpose beyond themselves
According to Edmonds, the five practices of servant
leaders include the following...
i. Clarify and reinforce the need for service to
others
Servant leaders educate the members of their team
through their words and actions, and they encourage
their people to set aside self-serving behaviours in
favour of serving others.

Five Ways for Servant-Leadership

(Contd.)
ii. Listen intently and observe closely
Servant leaders really listen to their people, and
they actively solicit their participation, their ideas,
and their feedback. In time, they get to know the
worldview of each one of their employees, and
they tailor their leadership approach accordingly.
iii. Act as selfless mentors
Servant leaders know that by helping to guide the
people who work for them, they will help their
employees learn vital skills that will both improve
their performance, and improve them as people.

Five Ways for Servant-Leadership

(Contd.)

iv. Demonstrate persistence

Servant leaders realize that one or two conversations
may not have the desired change in an employee's
assumptions or mind-set. So they are tenacious and
invest whatever time it takes to educate and inspire
servant leadership practices in the members of their
team.
v. Lovingly hold themselves and others
accountable for their commitments
Servant leaders know that no one is perfect, and
everyone makes mistakes--including themselves.
With that in mind, they push for high standards of
performance, service quality, and alignment of
values throughout the team, and they hold
themselves and their people accountable for their

What is Spiritual
Leadership?
There are several definitions for spiritual
leader, and the term brings to mind different
things to different people.
Some think of a spiritual leader as a sort of
guru. Others think of him/her as a life coach,
one who can guide others through the
problems and trials of life.
The Bible describes a spiritual leader as one
who possesses the spiritual gift of leadership ,
the ability to lead others as a direct result of
the gifting received from, and performed by
the power of, the Holy Spirit.

Spiritual Leadership in
Business
leaders can obtain happiness, respect, peace
of mind and success, while at the same time
serving the needs of all those affected by
their leadership when they lead from a
spiritual basis.
It also indicates that spirituality can serve as
the foundation for leadership that considers
ethics, social responsibility and concern for
the environment not just as instruments to
protect corporate reputation and income
generation but as fundamental principles and
values in their own right.

Spiritual Leadership and

Business
One of the greatest challenges facing
leaders today is the need to develop new
business models that accentuate
authentic and ethical leadership,
employee well-being, and social
responsibility without sacrificing
profitability and revenue growth.
In effect, experimenting with and adopting
sustainable business strategies that
emphasize the triple bottom line or
People, Planet, and Profit.

Six Ways of Spiritual

Leaders
They lead others
into their own
encounters with Supreme Power
They lead others to discover their own
purpose and identity
They lead others into transformation
not just production
They impact their surroundings
They help people see old things in new
ways
They gain a following because of who
they arenot because of a position
they hold

Authentic and Ethical

Leadership

Authentic Leadership
Who know who they are, know what
they believe in and value, and act on
those values and believes openly and
candidly

FAIRNESS
Fairness means treating people
equitably, without bias or partiality. It
means actively working to set aside
self interest or group loyalty when
rendering a judgment. In day to day
life, fairness manifests itself in simple
ways such as taking turns, listening
intently, sharing, and not taking
advantage of others based on their
weaknesses.

What is Ethics?
Understanding of what is good and right
The discipline that examines ones moral
standards or the moral standards of a
profession or a society
Ethike
Ethics could be:
- Personal ethics
- Professional ethics
- Society ethics

What are Moral Standards?

The norms about the kinds of actions
believed to be morally right and
wrong as well as the values placed
on the kinds of objects believed to be
morally good and morally bad

Five Characteristics of Moral

Standards
1. Involved with serious injuries or
benefits
2. Not established by law or legislature
3. Should be preferred to other values
including self interest
4. Based on impartial considerations
5. Associated with special emotions
and vocabulary

Authentic Leadership: Trust

and Ethics
Socially constructive way to serve
others- ETHICS
The expectation that leader will not
act opportunistically- TRUST
TRUST has to be mutual. Leaders
have to trust followers before
expecting trust of followers
TRUST is a risk game

Types of Trust
Deterrence based
Knowledge based
Identification based

The Effective Leadership

The acid test of effective
leadership is the extent to
which people in the
organization trust their leaders

Charismatic and
Transformational Leadership

Charismatic Leadership
Followers make attributions
of heroic or extraordinary
abilities in the behavior of
their leaders

Charismatic Leadership
Charismatic Leadership the
use, by a leader, of vision,
personal risk, sensitivity &
unconventional behavior in order
to have profound & extraordinary
effects on followers
Charisma means gift in Greek
Potential for high achievement
and performance
Potential for destructive and
harmful actions

Characteristics of Charismatic
Leadership

Vision and articulation

Personal risk
Sensitivity to follower needs
Unconventional behavior

TRANSACTIONAL Vs
TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP
TRANSACTIONAL LEADERS
Leaders who guide or motivate their
followers in the direction of established
goals by clarifying role and task
requirements.
TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERS
Leaders who provide individualised
consideration
and
intellectual
stimulation, and who possess charisma.

Transformational Leadership

As a transactional leader,
I use formal rewards
and punishments.

As a transformational
leader, I inspire and
excite followers to high
levels of performance.

Key Element of Transformational

Leadership: VISION

Create a strategic vision

Communicate the vision
Model the vision
Build commitment to vision

CHARACTERISTICS OF
TRANSACTIONAL LEADER
Contingent Reward
:
Contracts
exchange of rewards for efforts,
promises rewards for good performance,
recognises accomplishments.
Management by Exception(active) :
Watches and searches for deviations
from rules and standards, takes
corrective action.
Management by Exception(passive)
: Intervenes only if standards are not
met.
Laissez-Faire
:
Abdicates

CHARACTERISTICS OF
TRANFORMATIONAL LEADER
Charisma : Provides vision and sense of
mission, instills pride, gains respect and trust.
Inspiration
:
Communicates high
expectations, uses symbols to focus efforts,
expresses important purposes in simple ways.
Intellectual Stimulation
:
Promotes
intelligence, rationality and careful problem
solving.
Individualised Consideration
:
Gives
personal attention, treats each employee
individually, coaches, advises.

The Dual Role of Leadership

Charismatic (Transformational)
-Envisioning
-Empowering
-Energizing

Architectural ( Transactional)
-Designing
-Controlling
-Rewarding