Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Data vs. Information
Data vs. Information
Information
Data
raw facts
just numbers and
text
unorganized facts
useless until it is
organized
image, audio, and
12/16/15
video
Information
processed,
organized,
structured data
value-added to data
Summarized
Analyzed
Useful and
meaningful
12/16/15
6.34
6.45
6.39
6.62
6.57
6.64
6.71
6.82
7.12
7.06
12/16/15
Information
Data
Summarizing the data
Averaging the data
Selecting part of the data
Graphing the data
Adding context
Adding value
12/16/15
Information
Data Information
Classification: placing data into categories
categorizing an expense as either a fixed or a
variable cost.
Rearranging/sorting: organizing data so that
items are grouped together or
placed into a particular
order.
might be sorted according to last name or payroll
number.
Aggregating: summarizing data
by calculating averages, totals or subtotals.
Selection:
choosing or discarding items of data
12/16/15
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
The term Information Technology in
English is derived from the French word
Informatique and Informatika in
Russian encompasses the notation of
information handling.
The word Information Technology is a
combination of two words.One is
Information and other is Technology.
Information means knowledge, it can be a
bit or a para or a page.
Technology means use of scientific
INFORMATION
CONCEPT OF IT
Information technology (IT) is a
new science of collecting, storing,
processing and transmitting
information.
Information technology (IT) is "the
study of design, development and
implementation of knowledge.
Information technology (IT) is a
Definitions of IT
Information Technology is the application
of computers & other technologies to the
acquisition, organization, storage, retrieval
& dissemination of collected information
IT
is
scientific,
technological
and
engineering disciplines and management
techniques used in information
IT is science of information handling,
particularly using computers to support
the communication of knowledge in
technical, economic and social fields.
PEOPLE
( INPUT AND
OUTPUT
DEVICES )
ENTRY
PROCESS
OUTPUT
DATA
SOFTWARE
( SYSTEM AND
APPLICATION
SOFTWARE )
PROCEDURES
( SECURITY
DATA MGT. &
VALIDATION)
Audio Technology
Audio-Visual Technology
Facsimile Transmission (Fax)
Electronic Mail
3. Printing Technologies
IT AND MGT
Information technology is very
beneficial for every mgt. in many
ways
Improve management performances
Improve efficiency of management
operations
Helps management in performing
various functions
Helps solving management
IT APPLICATIONS IN
MGT.LEVELS
Mgt. can be
categorized in three levels
Top, Middle and
EXTERNAL
TOP
Lower level
MIDDLE
OPERATIONA
L
EXTERNAL AND
INTERNAL
INTERNAL
Tactical
INCLUDES ESTIMATING FUTURE DECISION MAKING DATA
Operational
INVOLVE LARGE-SCALE PROCESSING DATA
IT APPLICATIONS IN MGT.
MARKETING
MANUFACTURING
HUMAN RESOURCE
ACCOUNTING
TRANSACTION PROCESS
FUNCTIONAL
Introduction To Computers
Definitions of
Computer
A computer is a machine that manipulates data
according to a list of instructions.
A computer can also be defined as an electronic
machine that receive input (data), processes it and
gives out results (information)
A computer is calculating device which performing
arihtmetic operations with greater speed.
Working of Computer
Characteristics of Computers
Accuracy
Continuity
Thoughtless And Emotionless
Intelligent Memory
Versatility
Elevated Processing Speed
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF
COMPUTER
Input unit
The process of entering data and programs in to the computer system.
takes as inputs raw data and performs some processing giving out processed data.
The input unit takes data from us to the computer in an organized manner for
processing.
Storage unit
The process of saving data and instructions permanently is known as storage.
Output unit
The process of producing results from the data for getting usefulinformation
ALU
The actual processing of the data and instruction are performed by Arithmetic Logical
Unit.
The major operations performed by the ALU are addition, subtraction, multiplication,
division, logic and comparison.
Data is transferred to ALU from storage unit when required. After processing the output
is returned back to storage unit for further processing or getting stored.
Control unit
The Control Unit, which acts like the supervisor seeing that things are done in proper
fashion. Control Unit is responsible for co coordinating various operations using time
signal. The control unit determines the sequence in which computer programs and
instructions are executed.
Hardware
Hardware refers to the physical
components that is used to input, store
and retrieve data
The term hardware covers all of those
parts of a computer that are tangible
objects
Hardware means a computer and other
electronic devices that are connected
to perform different operations.
Includes input devices , output
Software
Software refers to parts of the computer
which do not have a material form
( such
as programs, data, protocols )
The instructions given to a computer is called
program. The set of instructions in a logical
sequence is called software.
Software refers to a set of programs,
documents,
procedures
and
routines
associated with the operations of a computer
systems.
These program consists of step by step
instructions telling the computer how to carry
System software
This consists of all programs , languages and
documentation
supplied
by
the
computer
manufacturer.
Requirement to Use computer efficiently and
conveniently
System software is linked to hardware components
and it is complex process . It is performing four
different tasks
1. Operating system
2. Utilities
3. Device drivers
4. Language translator
Operating system
Functions:
1. Starting a computer
2. Providing a user interface
3. Managing programs
4. Managing memory
5. Scheduling jobs
6. Configuring devices
Utilities
Troubleshooting programs
Antivirus programs
File compression programs
Device drivers
These programs allow devices to
communicate with rest of the computer
system.
Language translators
1.Assemblers
2.Compilers
3.Interpreters
Application software
Any software which is designed to
accomplish a specific task like accounting,
typing, drawing, browsing the internet,
emailing etc. is known as application
software.
Now a days , various application softwares
are available in the market like paintbrush,
MS word ,MS excel, Tally.
Typically
applications include business
software , educational software, medical
software and computer games .
INPUT DEVICES
1.
Keyboard
2. Mouse
3. Joystick
5. Web Camera
6. Trackball
7. Digitizer
8. Light pen
9. Touch screen
10. Microphone
11. Scanner
OUTPUT DEVICES
1. MONITOR
3. SPEAKER
2. PLOTTER
4. PRINTER
STORAGE DEVICES
Computer Networking
The word network means anything in
the form of a net which may have
many lines crossing each other.
A network in connection with the
computer environment means link
between a number of computers
within the organization and outside.
Computer Networking
In the world of computers, networking is
the practice of linking two or more
computing devices together for the
purpose of sharing data.
Networks are built with a mix of computer
hardware and computer software.
Computer network refers to the collection
of several computing machines, peripheral
devices and storage unit
For core business operations, computer
Advantages of networking
File transfer
Mail transfer
Web browsing
It reduces the labor cost of doing
paperwork
It saves lot of time and efforts of the
employees
Internet
The Internet is a system of linked networks that
are worldwide in scope and facilitate data
communication services such as remote login, file
transfer, electronic mail, the World Wide Web and
newsgroups.
the Internet has become a communications
highway for millions of users. The Internet was
initially restricted to military and academic
institutions, but now it is a full-fledged conduit for
any and all forms of information and commerce.
Internet websites now provide personal,
educational, political and economic resources to
every corner of the planet.
Internet
Called the 'information
superhighway' and the 'network of
networks,'
It is basically a means of connecting
a computer to any other computer
anywhere in the world.
When two computers are connected
over the Internet, they can send and
receive all kinds of information such
as text, graphics, voice, video, and
computer programs.
Intranet
With the advancements made in browserbased software for the Internet, many
private organizations are implementing
intranets.
An intranet is a private network utilizing
Internet-type tools, but available only
within that organization.
For large organizations, an intranet
provides an easy access mode to
corporate information for employees.
INTERNET
The Internet
superhighway'
networks,'
INTERNET
It is basically a means of connecting a
computer to any other computer anywhere
in the world.
When two computers are connected over
the Internet, they can send and receive all
kinds of information such as text, graphics,
voice, video, and computer programs.
USES OF INTERNET
1. Sharing Information
2. Collection of Information
3. News
4. Searching Jobs
5. Advertisement
6. Communication
7. Entertainment
8. Online Education
9. Online Results
10. Online Airlines and Railway Schedules
11. Online Medical Advice
SERVICES
BROWSER
BROWSE Look at information on a computer
A web BROWSER can have a Graphical User
Interface, like Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox,
Chrome and Opera, or can be text-based, like Lynx
or Links.
With a web browser one can view web pages that
may contain text, images, videos, etc.
A web browser is a software application for
Retrieving
Presenting
Traversing information on the World Wide Web.
Search Engine
What is Intranet ?
Internal company network that uses Internet
standards (HTML, HTTP & TCP/IP protocols) &
software.
Accessed only by authorized persons, especially
members or employees of the organization
Applications of Intranet
Disadvantages
Manageme
nt
problem
Security
problem
Productivit
y
problem
of control
Unauthorized access
Abuse of access
Denial of service
What is Extranet ?
Extranet is an Intranet for outside authorized
users using same internet technology.
Inter-organizational information system.
enable outsiders to work
companys employees.
together
with
Examples..
Benefits of Extranet
Improved quality.
lower travel costs.
lower administrative & other overhead costs.
reduction in paperwork.
delivery of accurate information on time.
improved customer service.
better communication.
overall improvement in business
effectiveness.
Disadvantages
The suppliers & customer who dont
have technical knowledge feel problem.
Faceless contact.
Information can be misused by other
competitors.
Fraud may be possible.
Technical Employees are required.
Intranet
Extranet
Internet
Corporate members
Clients, partners, customers
Global society: competitors
TCP/IP
TCP/IP (Transmission Control
Protocol/InternetProtocol) is the basic
communication language or protocol of theInternet.
It can also be used as a communications protocol in
a
private
network
(either
anintranetor
anextranet). When you are set up with direct
access to the Internet, your computer is provided
with a copy of the TCP/IP program just as every
other computer that you may send messages to or
get information from also has a copy of TCP/IP.