DYEING

The application and fixing of a

dye to a substrate, normally with
the intention of obtaining an
even distribution through out the
substrate.

There are three types of dyeing :

1. Fibre dyeing.
2. Yarn dyeing.
3. Fabric dyeing:
a) Woven dyeing.
b) Knit dyeing.

Grey Yarn inspection

Soft Winding

Batching & Loading

Scouring

Bleaching

Dyeing

Hydro extraction

Drying

Hard Winding

Delivery

Final Inspection

Grey fabric inspection

Stitching

Brushing

Singeing

Desizing

Scouring

Mercerizing

Bleaching

Dyeing

Printing

Scouring

Mercerizing

Bleaching

Dyeing

Finishing

Final inspection

Delivery

Printing

Grey fabric inspection

Batching

Singeing

Mercerizing

Scouring

Bleaching

Dyeing

Finishing

Final Inspection

Delivery

Printing

Successive stage of Dyeing

Dye is dispersed in the dye bath

Dye in the diffusion layer

Dye in the electrical double layer

Dye is absorbed on the fibre surface

Dye is diffused in the fibre

Electrical
double
layer

Fibre

Diffusion layer

++++++++++-

A
Dye molecule

Diffusion layer thickne

ss

Distance of fibre surface from AB

Bond formation between dye & fibre

According to method of application:

Direct dye
Reactive dye
Vat dye
Azoic dye
Sulphur dye
Basic dye
Acid dye
Disperse dye

According to the chemical structure:

Azo dye
Indigoid dye
Anthraquinone dye
Polymethine dye
Styryl dye
Nitro & nitroso dye
Phthalo cyanine dye
Aryl carbonium dye

Wetting agent
Detergent
Sequestering agent
Leveling agent
Anti foaming agent
Dispersing agent
Anti creasing agent
carrier

Two types of dye application techniques exist:

1) Direct application of dye liquor by spraying,
foam application, or printing.
2) Continuous immersion of the fabric in a dye
bath and removal of the excess of liquor by
squeezing or suction (padding).

1.Continuous dyeing processes

Pad dry process
Pad steam process
2.Semi continuous processes
Pad-batch process
Pad jig process
3.Discontinous process:
Winch
Jet
Jigger
4.Pad Dyeing Processes:
Pad roll process

The goal of every dyeing is a colored textile in

the desired shade, homogeneous in hue and depth
of shade, produced by an economic process and
which exhibits satisfactory fastness properties in
the finished state.

Basically there are three methods of dyeing textiles:

1) Mass dyeing: dyeing of a synthetic polymer
before fiber formation.
2) Pigment dyeing: affixing an insoluble colorant
on the fiber surface with a binder.
3) Exhaustion dyeing from an aqueous bath with
dyes that have an affinity for the fiber.

The liquor ratio influences the dye solubility and

the strength of the electrolyte effect. Lower liquor
ratios are employed whenever possible, for
ecological, economic, and technical reasons.

The electrolyte (i.e., sodium chloride or sodium

sulfate), its concentration, and the speed of
addition control the adsorptive behavior of the
dyes and the degree of exhaustion. A high
electrolyte content of the dye bath shifts the dyeing
equilibrium toward the fiber.

The
pH
value
influences
solubility,
substantively of the dyes, and their stability in
the dye bath. Lower pH values improve
exhaustion; however, leveling proceeds
preferably at higher pH values.

Temperature generally determines the position

of the dyeing equilibrium, which at room
temperature is shifted strongly toward
adsorption on the fiber.

Colored textiles are produced today on a

large industrial scale. Although modern
automation techniques have been
introduced for color measurement,
metering of dyes and auxiliaries, and
automatic control of the dyeing process.

We would like to express many thanks to our

honorable teacher Prof. Dr. Zulhash Uddin
giving us a very good opportunity for
presenting ourselves. We also thanks our
parents who encouraged us every step of our
life. Lastly thanks all of you who are give
kind attention for
this
presentation
ceremony .