Week I : Introduction to Dental Anatomy

University of the Pacific

Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry

Introduction to Dental Anatomy

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Introduction to Dental Anatomy

General Information

Muscles
play a key role in masticatory functions, speaking and
!
swallowing

They may exhibit differential regional action due to complex

movements of the TMJs
!

University of the Pacific Arthur A. Dugoni

School of Dentistry

Introduction to Dental Anatomy

Major Components Of The TMJ

! The

Mandible
! Cranial
MusclesBase
Of
!
Mastication
!
(With innervation and
vascular supply)

Introduction to Dental Anatomy

Basic Skull Anatomy

!
!

Maxilla upper jaw bone

Mandible lower jaw bone

Maxilla

Mandible
University of the Pacific School of Dentistry

Introduction to Dental Anatomy

Basic Skull Anatomy

!Maxillary

teeth = maxillary arch

Mandibular teeth = mandibular arch

Maxillary
Teeth

Mandibular
Teeth
University of the Pacific School of Dentistry

Introduction to Dental Anatomy

Tooth Identification Systems

!
There
are three main systems used in modern dentistry for the
numbering of teeth. They are:
! Universal Numbering System
! Palmer Notation System
! International Numbering System

University of the Pacific School of Dentistry

Introduction to Dental Anatomy

Universal Numbering System

! History

Suggested by Parreidt in 1882

! Adopted by the A.D.A. in 1975
Details
! Uses numbers 1 through 32 for
permanent teeth
! ! Uses letters A through T for
primary teeth
!

B
T

C
S

D
R

F
O

G
N

L K

University of the Pacific School of Dentistry

Introduction to Dental Anatomy

Palmer Notation System

!Details
!

Uses brackets to represent the four

quadrants
Permanent teeth are labeled 1 to 8 on
each side of the midline
Deciduous teeth are labeled with the same
brackets, letters A through E

D
E

C
D C

Upper Right

Upper Left

Lower Right

Lower Left

B
B

University of the Pacific School of Dentistry

Introduction to Dental Anatomy

Universal Numbering System

Details
!Uses

two digits for each tooth

First digit represents dentition, arch and side
!
! 1 = permanent dentition, maxillary, right
! 2 = permanent dentition, maxillary, left
! 3 = permanent dentition, mandibular, left
! 4 = permanent dentition, mandibular, right
! 5 = primary dentition, maxillary, right
! 6 = primary dentition, maxillary, left
! 7 = primary dentition, mandibular, left
! 8 = primary dentition, mandibular, right
Second number denotes the tooth position
relative to midline, 1 8, from central incisor to
3rd molar
University of the Pacific School of Dentistry

Introduction to Dental Anatomy

International Numbering System

!
!
!
!
!
!

1 permanent
=
dentition, maxillary, right
2 permanent
=
dentition, maxillary, left
dentition, mandibular, left
3 permanent
=
dentition, mandibular, right
4 permanent
=
dentition, maxillary, right
5 primary
=
dentition, maxillary, left
6 primary
=
dentition, mandibular, left
7 primary
=
dentition, mandibular, right
8 primary
=

!
!

University of the Pacific School of Dentistry

Introduction to Dental Anatomy

Trait Categories Set Traits

Set
Traits = dentition traits distinguish teeth in the primary
!
dentition from secondary dentition

University of the Pacific School of Dentistry

Introduction to Dental Anatomy

Trait Categories Arch Traits

! Arch

Traits - distinguish maxillary

from mandibular

University of the Pacific School of Dentistry

Introduction to Dental Anatomy

Trait Categories Class Traits

!
Class
Traits - distinguish the four categories of teeth ... incisors,
canines, premolars, molars

Incisors
Canines
Premolars
Molars

University of the Pacific School of Dentistry

Introduction to Dental Anatomy

Trait Categories Type Traits

!Type

Traits distinguish teeth within one class

University of the Pacific School of Dentistry

Introduction to Dental Anatomy

Humans Have Two Dentitions Throughout Life

!Primary

dentition during childhood

Permanent dentition during adulthood

Primary Dentition

Permanent Dentition

Introduction to Dental Anatomy

Anterior vs. Posterior Permanent Dentition

!Anterior

Teeth incisors and canines

Posterior teeth premolars and molars

University of the Pacific School of Dentistry

Introduction to Dental Anatomy

Permanent Dentition
Left

Right
Upper left

Upper right
Lower right

Lower left

University of the Pacific School of Dentistry

Introduction to Dental Anatomy

Terminology Used to Distinguish Tooth Surfaces Facial Surface

!Facial

Surface the surface next to the face, the

outer surface of a tooth resting next to the cheeks
or lips.
! Used in both anterior and posterior teeth

University of the Pacific School of Dentistry

Introduction to Dental Anatomy

Terminology Used to Distinguish Tooth Surfaces Buccal Surface

Buccal
Surface the facial surface of posterior teeth, meaning next
!
to the cheek

University of the Pacific School of Dentistry

Introduction to Dental Anatomy

Terminology Used To Distinguish Tooth Surfaces Labial Surface

!Labial

Surface the facial surface next to the lips,

generally used for anterior teeth

University of the Pacific School of Dentistry

Introduction to Dental Anatomy

Terminology Used to Distinguish Tooth Surfaces Proximal Surface

!Proximal

Surface the surface or side of a

tooth that is next to an adjacent tooth

Proximal surfaces are not considered selfcleansing

University of the Pacific School of Dentistry

Introduction to Dental Anatomy

Terminology Used
To Distinguish
Tooth Surfaces

Mesial Surface - is the surface of the tooth nearest to the

midline of the dental arch

Introduction to Dental Anatomy

Terminology Used
To Distinguish
Tooth Surfaces

Distal Surface - is the surface of the tooth farthest from the

midline of the dental arch

Introduction to Dental Anatomy

Terminology Used To Distinguish Tooth Surfaces

! Lingual

Surface - is the surface of

maxillary and mandibular teeth
nearest the tongue

University of the Pacific School of Dentistry

Introduction to Dental Anatomy

Terminology Used To Distinguish Tooth Surfaces

! Palatal

Surface - is the
surface of maxillary teeth
nearest the palate

University of the Pacific School of Dentistry

Introduction to Dental Anatomy

Primary Dentition

There
are 20 teeth in the primary dentition
!
! 10 maxillary teeth; 10 mandibular teeth; 5 teeth in each quadrant
This dentition is also termed the deciduous dentition
The first signs of this dentition appear between zero and six months
!
Primary
teeth fall out due to a natural process of tooth succession
!
!

University of the Pacific School of Dentistry

Introduction to Dental Anatomy

Dental Formula for the Primary Dentition

!The

dental formula for one side of the mouth is:

I 2
2

C 1
1

M 2 = 10 teeth on each side

2

I
I

I
I

M M
M

(Permanent 1st molars erupt at the age of 6; while most primary teeth are still in place)
University of the Pacific School of Dentistry

Introduction to Dental Anatomy

Primary Dentition

!The

teeth function an average of 8

years for maxillary teeth

The teeth function an average of 7.6

years for mandibular teeth

Hold an important role in reserving

space for permanent teeth
!

University of the Pacific Arthur A. Dugoni

School of Dentistry

Introduction to Dental Anatomy

Crown Proportion Labial Aspect of Primary Incisors

!Primary

maxillary central incisors are the

only incisor in both dentitions that is
wider mesiodistally than they are long
incisocervically

University of the Pacific Arthur A. Dugoni

School of Dentistry

Introduction to Dental Anatomy

Cervical Lines Labial Aspect of Primary Canines

!Hold

an important role in
reserving space for permanent teeth

University of the Pacific Arthur A. Dugoni

School of Dentistry

Introduction to Dental Anatomy

Primary Molars

!Smaller

than primary second molars

Are quite unique in their shape

Primary second molars have considerable

!likeness to permanent first molars

Maxillary molars have three roots and

mandibular have two
!

University of the Pacific Arthur A. Dugoni

School of Dentistry

Introduction to Dental Anatomy

Permanent Dentition

There
are 32 teeth in the permanent dentition
!
! 16 maxillary teeth; 16 mandibular teeth; 8 teeth in each quadrant
This dentition is also termed the succedaneous dentition because it
succeeds the primary dentition
!
The
first signs of the permanent dentition appear at age 6

University of the Pacific School of Dentistry

Introduction to Dental Anatomy

General Description of Incisors

! There
!
!

are four maxillary incisors:

Two centrals
Two laterals

10

University of the Pacific Arthur A. Dugoni

School of Dentistry

Introduction to Dental Anatomy

Introduction to Canines

!There
!

are four canines:

Numbers 6, 11, 22, 27

General information
! They are the longest of the
!
permanent teeth
! Called cornerstones of the arches
! Also known as cuspids, eyeteeth
or fangs

11

Introduction to Dental Anatomy

General Description of Premolars

!There

are eight premolars in human dentition

Numbers 4, 5, 12, 13, 20, 21, 28, 29

5 12
4
13

29 20
28 21

University of the Arthur A. Dugoni Pacific

School of Dentistry

Introduction to Dental Anatomy

General Description of Molars

!There

are 12 permanent molars

First, second and third on each side

maxillary and mandibular

Under universal numbering system they

are 1,2,3,14,15,16,17,18,19,30,31,32
!

University of the Pacific Arthur A. Dugoni

School of Dentistry