Organic Semiconductor

Guided By: Presented by:

Prof. R. M. Patrikar Kiran Sahu
MT09MVD009
 Outline
 Introduction.
 Si Vs Organic semiconductor.
 Classification.
 Conduction in organic semiconductor.
 Applications.
 Advantages.
 Limitations.
 Future of organic semiconductor
 Introduction
• Organic electronics is a branch of electronics which deals
with conductive polymers , plastics or small molecules.

• It’s named organic because they are carbon based.

• Electrically conducting polymers are the derivates of

simplest melanin i.e., polyacetelene black.

• Some of the examples include poly(acetelene) ,

poly(pyrrole) , poly(aniline), poly(dioctyl-dithiophene).
 Noble prize in Chemistry,2000
• Alan G. Mac Diarmid, Hideki Shirakawa , Alan J. Heeger were
honoured with the noble prize in chemistry in 2000 for 1977
discovery and development of oxidised iodine-doped
polyacetelene ,highly conductive organic polymers

• .
Silicon Vs Organic
Semiconductor
 Classification
Organic semiconducting molecules are broadly classified into

• Conducting Polymers.

• Short molecules
Conducting polymers
Short Molecules
 How Semiconducting ?
• Presence of conjugate bonds.

• Concept of delocalization.

• Band structure.

• Existence of free carriers.

• Mode of conduction.
Formation of σ and π bond
Band Structure
Charge carriers in conjugated
polymers
Charge transport mechanisms
Charge transport mechanisms
Charge transport mechanisms
 Reason of polaron motion
• Tunneling between equivalent localized polaron states
centered at different sites.

• Hopping between two non-equivalent localized states.

Hopping of carriers
Charge carrier mobility
 Electrical conductivity
Conductivity of organic semiconductor ranges from 10-12 to
10-4 S/cm
Method of growing of organic
material
 OLED
• An organic LED is a thin film LED whose emissive layer is made up of
organic compound.

• They do no require any back light to function

 OLED Working
• Generation of electron hole pair and when it combines it produce a photon in the
emissive layer

• Many OLEDs together on a screen make up a picture

 Features of OLED
• In manufacturing OLEDs is applying the organic layer to
the substrate by vacuum deposition or VTE,OVPD, inkjet
printing.
• Extraordinary bright because of high contrast, also it
exhibits more than 16 millions colours.
• Cost effective and having response time of 0.01ms,refresh
time of 0.1MHz.
• Lifespan of 14000 hr.
• Water damage and power consumption of 40% of LCD.
• Screen burn-in.
 OTFT
• TFTs are transistors use organic molecules rather than Si
for active material.
• OTFTs active layers can be thermally evaporated and
deposited at much lower temp(60° C)
 About OTFT
Features
• Do not require glass substrate as in case with amorphous
Si.
• Manufactured at low temperature.
• Could be made on a piece of plastic.
• Low cost and deposition process like spin coating, printing
and evaporation.
Challenges
• Work around for complication in photoresists.
• Finding organic semiconductors with high enough
mobilities and switching times.
 Organic nano radio frequency
identification device
• Main communication bands 135 KHz, 13.56MHz,
900MHz, 2.4 GHz.
• >96 bits
 Advantages
• Lighter , more flexible, inexpensive compared to
inorganic polymers.
• Deposited via conventional processes e.g., vacuum
deposition, solution casting, ink-jet printing,
stamping.
• Biodegradable.
• Good mechanical properties(flexible and tough).
• Process at low temperature over large areas.
• Interesting application.
 Limitations
• High resistance and thus not so good conductors.

• Dependent on stable environment condition, thus in some

cases instability is there.

• They have shorter lifetimes.

• Also affected by temperature, water UV light.

Future of Organic semiconductor
Thank you