Guided By

Prof.Obappa Agrahar

Presented By
Syed Raziuddin Quadri
3gn05cv026
o Introduction
o How land subsidence occurs
o Damage caused by land subsidence
o Effects of land subsidence
o Methods of monitoring subsidence
o Conclusions
o bibliography
Land subsidence :-
Subsidence is the motion of a
surface (usually, the Earth's surface) as it
shifts downward relative to a datum such
as sea-level. The opposite of subsidence is
uplift, which results in an increase in
elevation
Permanent land subsidence occurs due to compaction of clay beds
within the aquifer systems. When an aquifer system is full of
water, the gravel and sands are buoyant. As groundwater levels
decline from extraction, there is less buoyancy to support the
weight of the gravel and sand that was previously full of water.
Additional weight from the gravel and sand creates more
downward pressure on clay beds that are between the sand and
gravel strata from which water has been extracted. When the
water held in the clays can no longer withstand the pressure from
the increased weight of the gravel and sands above, the clays are
compressed and water is squeezed from them. These clays will
never reabsorb the water that has been expelled from them.
Permanent subsidence occurs and recharging the groundwater to
its original levels will not result in the recovery of the original land
surface elevations.
o Changes in elevation and slope of streams. Canals and lakes

o Damage to bridges, roads, railways, storm drains, etc

o Damage to private and public buildings

o Failure of well casings due to forces generated by compaction

Sinkhole Formation :-
Catastrophic land subsidence leading
to the formation of sinkholes can also be associated with
declines in groundwater levels. Soluble rocks such as
dolomite and limestone are slowly dissolved locally by
groundwater. Eventually the ground surface sinks to form
a cup shaped depression. Over large areas of this type, a
Karstic sinkhole plain is formed with most of drainage
occuring in the subsurface.
 InSAR:-
InSAR is a space-borne, remote
sensing technique that uses changes in satellite
radar signals created by interferences on the
earth’s surface to measure changes in land
surface elevation