GROUP 7 PRESENTS :

RESEARCH METHOD
IN OPERATIONS
MANAGEMENT
Lingga Wardhana (11P2155) M Farhan Lucky (11P2156)
Novita Vilianty (11P2160) Prasasti Rinta Dewi (11P2161)

RESEARCH FLOW CHART

rch Method in Operations Management Class 21 B Group 7 MM UGM Jakarta

OBJECTIVE OF RESEARCH
METHOD IN OPERATIONS
MANAGEMENT
Before doing your research I want to share my dogmas.
Methodology is there to make it credible to the reader that
you have planned and carried through your study as well as
analysed and drawn conclusions in a way that we can rely on
what you write.
Professor Christer Karlsson

rch Method in Operations Management Class 21 B Group 7 MM UGM Jakarta

Survey Research

rch Method in Operations Management Class 21 B Group 7 MM UGM Jakarta

SURVEYS
The collection of information from individuals about themselves or
about the social units to which they belong (Rossi et al., 1983)
Exploratory survey research:
Early stages of research into a phenomenon to gain preliminary insight on a
topic, and provides the basis for more in-depth survey.
Confirmatory (or theory testing or explanatory) survey research
Knowledge of a phenomenon has been articulated in a theoretical form using
well-defined concepts, models and propositions.
Descriptive survey research
Understanding the relevance of a certain phenomenon and describing the
distribution of the phenomenon in a population.

rch Method in Operations Management Class 21 B Group 7 MM UGM Jakarta

Advantages &
Disadvantages of
Using Surveys
Advantages :

Disadvantages :

a. Relatively short period of

a. Poor survey can undermine

time
b. Less expensive
c. Created quickly &
administered easily
d. Wide range of things :
personal facts, attitudes,

otherwise well-designed
studies.
b. May be not accurate
depend on participant feels
c. Response rates can bias in
random sampling

past behaviors and

opinions

rch Method in Operations Management Class 21 B Group 7 MM UGM Jakarta

Types of Survey Data

Collection

Mail - An example might include an alumni survey

distributed via direct mail by your almamater.

Telephone - An example of a telephone survey would

be a market research call about your experiences with
a certain consumer product.

Online - Online surveys might focus on your

experience with a particular retailer, product or website.

At home interviews - The U.S. Census is a good

example of an at-home interview survey administration.

rch Method in Operations Management Class 21 B Group 7 MM UGM Jakarta

Case Research

rch Method in Operations Management Class 21 B Group 7 MM UGM Jakarta

Case Research
Purpose

Exploration: To build new theory

Theory Building: To identify linkage between

variables, to find out why the relationships exist

Theory Testing: Testing theories in previous

stage to predict future outcomes

Theory extension/refinement: To better structure

the theories in light of the observed results

rch Method in Operations Management Class 21 B Group 7 MM UGM Jakarta

Steps to Conduct Case

Research

When to use case research : when researcher wants to seek

phenomenon happen in the past or current with primary or secondary
data mining

Developing the research framework, construct, and questions :

Building a conceptual framework will force the researcher to think
carefully and selectively about the construct and variables to be
included in study

Choosing cases : What is the ideal number of cases, longitudinal or

retrospectives cases, case selection and sampling, sample controls

Developing research instruments and protocols : broad open

ended questions for interviews, single or multiple respondents and
viewpoints

rch Method in Operations Management Class 21 B Group 7 MM UGM Jakarta

Steps to Conduct Case

Research

Conducting the field research : who to contact: better be

senior in organizations for easy access to information, field data
collection: usage of different methods to study same
phenomenon, conducting interviews, single or multiple
investigators,
collecting
objective
data,
administering
questionnaires, recording the data, seeking convergence and
clarification, determining sequence (cause and effects),
challenges of observers bias, when to stop, summary.

Data documentation and coding : Documentations, coding

Data analysis, hypotesis development and testing : Analysis

data within cases , hypothesis development and testing, shaping
hypotheses, testing hypotheses, enfolding literature

rch Method in Operations Management Class 21 B Group 7 MM UGM Jakarta

Reliability and Validity in Case

Research
Reliability and Validity in Case Research

Construct Validity : establishment of correct operational measures for the

concept being studied

Discriminant Validity : If the construct as measured can be differentiated from

other construct

Internal Validity: The extent to which we can establish a causal relationship,

where by certain condition are shown to lead to other conditions, as distinguished
from spurious relationship

External Validity: Knowing whether a studys finding can be generalized beyond

the immediate case study

Reliability: The extend to which a studys operations can be repeated, with the
same result

rch Method in Operations Management Class 21 B Group 7 MM UGM Jakarta

Action Research

rch Method in Operations Management Class 21 B Group 7 MM UGM Jakarta

Action Research
An interactive inquiry process that
balances problem solving actions
implemented in a collaborative context with
data-driven collaborative analysis or
research to understand underlying causes
enabling future predictions about personal
and organizational change

rch Method in Operations Management Class 21 B Group 7 MM UGM Jakarta

Contrast between
Positivist Science &
Action Research
Positivist Science

Action Research

Aim of research

Universal knowledge, theory

building and testing

Knowledge in action, Theory

building and testing in action

Type of knowledge acquired

Universal Covering law

Particular
Situational, Praxis

Nature of data

Context free

Contextually embedded

Validation

Logic, measurement
Consistency of prediction and
control

Experiential

Researcher's role

Observer

Actor
Agent of change

Researcher's relationship to
setting

Detached neutral

Immersed

rch Method in Operations Management Class 21 B Group 7 MM UGM Jakarta

Action Research

rch Method in Operations Management Class 21 B Group 7 MM UGM Jakarta

Major Characteristics in
Action Research
1. Action researchers take action
2. AR always involves two goals : solve a problem and
contribute to science
3. AR is interactive : the researchers and personnel cooperation
4. AR needs holistic understanding
5. AR is fundamentally about change
6. AR requires an understanding of the ethical framework
7. AR can include all types of data gathering methods
(Qualitative, Quantitative, Interviews and Surveys)
8. AR requires a breadth of pre-undersatnding
9. AR should be conducted in real time
10.The AR paradigm requires its own quality criteria

rch Method in Operations Management Class 21 B Group 7 MM UGM Jakarta

Action Research VS
Consulting
1. Consultant in AR mode required to be more rigorous in their inquiry
and documentation
2. Researchers require theoretical justifications, while consultants require
empirical justifications
3. Consultant work under tighter time and budget constraints
4. Consultation is frequently linear - engage, analyse, act and disengage
In contrast, AR is cyclical

rch Method in Operations Management Class 21 B Group 7 MM UGM Jakarta

Modelling and
Simulation

rch Method in Operations Management Class 21 B Group 7 MM UGM Jakarta

History of quantitative model-based

OM research

For teaching purpose problem in real life were simplified and

formulated, we call it idealized problems e.g. inventory
control problems, sequencing and scheduling problems,
routing problems, statistical quality control problems and
maintenance problem

Idealized Problem Imperfection :

Not the complete reality is included

Cannot be considered as predictive scientific models of operational
processes

rch Method in Operations Management Class 21 B Group 7 MM UGM Jakarta

Overview of OM research methodologies

using quantitative modeling
Quantitative Model Research :

Survey Research :

a.
b.

a.
b.

c.
d.

Rational knowledge generation approach

Based on the assumption that we can build
objective model from real life operational
processes
Relationship between the variables are
described as causal
Models can be used to predict the future
state

Variables is not always defined explicitly

Relationship between the variables is not
causal and not quantitative

Axiomatic Modeling Research :

Empirical Modeling Research:

a.

a.

b.
c.
d.
e.

Driven by idealized model (normative

research)
Explain about the behaviour of certains
variables in the models
Explain about how to manipulate certains
variables in the models
Assuming desired behaviour of still other
variables in the models
Heavily leans on mathematics, statistics
and computer science

b.

Driven by empirical findings and

measurements (descriptive and normative
research)
Creating a model that adequately describes
the causal relationships that may exist in
reality

rch Method in Operations Management Class 21 B Group 7 MM UGM Jakarta

Review of relevant methodological

literature

Conceptaulization : design variables in the model

Modeling : defining relationships between the variables
Model Solving
Implementation

rch Method in Operations Management Class 21 B Group 7 MM UGM Jakarta

Conclusion

Please just doing your thesis! And get

graduated

rch Method in Operations Management Class 21 B Group 7 MM UGM Jakarta