Professional Documents
Culture Documents
GDT
GDT
and Tolerancing
GD&T
What is GD & T?
Learning Objectives
Datum
Datums are considered to be theoretically perfect
surfaces, planes, points or axes to which
additional material conditions are referenced.
Material Conditions
Parallelism - is the
condition of a
surface, line, or axis,
which is equidistant
at all points from a
datum plane or axis.
Perpendicularity - is the
condition of a surface,
axis, or line, which is 90
deg. From a datum plane
or a datum axis.
Angularity - is the
condition of a surface,
axis, or center plane,
which is at a specified
angle from a datum plane
or axis.
Concentricity describes a
condition in
which two or
more features,
in any
combination,
have a common
axis
When the MMC symbol appears after a geometric tolerance number, it means that the
given tolerance only applies when the feature is made at its MMC. So if a hole is given
a size of 12.0 12.1, and also a position tolerance of .02, it means that the position
of .02 is to be held if the hole is made to a size of 12.0 (its MMC)!
But suppose that we make a hole of 12.05. This is not the MMC size, but it is still
within legal range. So here's where it gets interesting -- a hole of 12.05 has deviated
from MMC by .05 inch. So we can adjust the position tolerance by .05 also! The print
said position of .02, but our part really gets a position tolerance of .07! This trend
continues until the hole reaches its LMC (12.1); at that size the position tolerance
would be .12. This is the original .02 plus a "bonus" of .10, which comes from the
deviation in hole size.
Essentially, it boils down to this: a smaller hole has to be positioned pretty accurately,
but as the hole gets larger, its center may deviate more from the true position.