Presented by:

HANIA INTISAR
FAIZA HUSSAYN
HAFIZA NIMRA GHAFFAR
HAFSA SHEHZADI
FATIMA ABUZAR

OLIGOSACCHARIDES

DEFINITION
Oligosaccharides[Greekoligo=
few;sacchar= sugar] are
carbohydrates composed of 3 to 9
monosaccharides.

NATURALLY OCCURANCE
They are found naturally, in small amounts, in
many plants.
Plants with large amounts of oligosaccharides
includechicory root, from which most commercial
inulin is extracted.
They are also found in onions, legumes, wheat,
asparagus, jicama, and other plant foods.

CHARACTERISTICS
Act as a ARTIFICIAL
sweetner

CHARACTERISTICS
Play role in cell recognition

INTRESTING INFORMATION

It is estimated that North

Americans get about 1-3
grams naturally in their
diets each day

Europeans get 3-10 grams

naturally in their diets
each day

LINKAGE OF OLIGOSACCHARIDE
WITH MEMBRANOUS PROTEINS
O-LINKED
OLIGOSACCHARIDE
S
N linked because nitrogen atoms connecting the
protein and oligosaccharide.
O-linked oligosaccharides have roles in recognition,
interaction, and enzyme regulation.

N-LINKED
OLIGOSACCHARIDES
N linked because nitrogen atoms connecting the protein
and oligosaccharide.

INTRESTING INFORMATION

Honey has over

25 identified
oligosaccharide
s

EXAMPLES OF OLIGOSACCHARIDES
IN FOOD
FRUCTOOLIGOSACCHARIDES
(FOS)

onions, canned foods

GALACTOOLIGOSACCHARIDES
(GOS)

raffinose, stachyose(in beans,

peas, lentils, cabbage, whole grains)

HUMAN MILK
OLIGOSACCHARIDES
(HMO)

human breast milk

MALTOTROISE

produced fromstarchduring
digestion, found in liquidglucose,
brown rice syrup

FRUCTO-OLIGOSACCHARIDES
Oligofructoseare
indigestible
carbohydrates made
mainly offructose.

ADVANTAGES

DISADVANTAGES

Preventing diarrhea.
Promoting growth of bacteria in
the intestine.

Improve blood sugar levels.

Reduce constipation.

Bloating and Gas

GALACTO OLIGOSACCHARIDE

Galactooligosaccharide
s (GOSs), which also
occur naturally, consist
of short chains of
galactose molecules.

ADVANTAGES
GOS act as asoluble
dietary fiber, which
may soften the stool
and increase the
frequency of bowel
movements

Improvement of
mineral absorption

DISADVANTAGE
S
causeabdominal
bloating, excessive
gas (flatulence) or
other mild
gastrointestinal
symptoms

RAFFINOSE
Raffinoseis atrisaccharide.
Composed ofgalactose,glucose, andfructose.
It can be found inbeans,cabbage,brussels
sprouts,broccoli,asparagus, othervegetables,
and wholegrains.

STACHYOSE
Stachyoseis atetrasaccharideconsisting of two
galactoseunits, one glucoseunit, and one frucose
unit
Stachyose occurs naturally in numerous
vegetables(e.g.green beans,soybeansand other
beans) and other plants.
Stachyose is not completely digestible by
humans

VERBASCOSE
Apentasaccharidemade up of 3 galactose
molecules , 1 glucose and 1 fructose
molecule.
found in manylegumes