HISTORY OF COMPUTER

What do you think is the first computer?

MECHANICAL
COMPUTERS

ABACUS

ABACUS

Its only value is that it aids the memory

of the human performing the
calculation.
the oldest surviving abacus was used in
300 B.C. by the Babylonians

5 lower rings on each rod = 5 fingers

2 upper rings = 2 hands

NAPIERS BONES

NAPIERS BONES

Logarithm values carved on ivory

sticks
Invented in 1617 by a Scotsman
named John Napier

Logarithm technology that allows multiplication to

be performed via addition

SLIDE RULE

SLIDE RULE

Developed by William Oughtred

first built in England in 1632 and still
in use in the 1960's by the NASA
engineers of the Mercury, Gemini,
and Apollo programs which landed
men on the moon
Used for multiplication, division,
roots, and trigonometry

CALCULATING CLOCK

CALCULATING CLOCK

Invented by a German professor

named Wilhelm Schickard in 1623.
This device got little publicity
because Schickard died soon
afterward in the bubonic plague

PASCALINE

PASCALINE

Invented in 1642 by Blaise Pascal (19

years old)as an aid for his father who
was a tax collector
Could only do addition
Used gear mechanism
An inaccurate machine
This technology is still used this day in car odometers.

STEPPED RECKONER

STEPPED RECKONER

Invented by German, Gottfried Wilhelm

Leibniz (co-inventor with Newton of
calculus and an advocate for the use of
binary number system in computers)
Employed the decimal number system
Used the fluted drum mechanism instead
of gear mechanism (ten flutes arranged
around the circumference in a stair-step
fashion)

POWER LOOM

POWER LOOM

Invented in 1801 by a Frenchman

named Joseph Marie Jacquard
A machine that bases its weave
upon a pattern automatically read
from punched wooden cards, held
together in a long row by rope.

DIFFERENCE ENGINE

DIFFERENCE ENGINE

Invented in 1822 by an English

mathematiciannamed Charles
Babbage
A machine the size of a room
Used steam mechanism

ANALYTIC ENGINE

ANALYTIC ENGINE

Still, by Charles Babbage

A programmable machine the size of
a house
Used steam mechanism (6 steam
engines)
Used Jacquards punched card
technology

ANALYTIC ENGINE
Store and Mill

"Store" and the "Mill

The Store was where numbers
were held
The Mill was where they were
"woven" into new results

ADA BYRON

daughter of the famous poet Lord

Byron
Ada would later become the
Countess Lady Lovelace by
marriage
First computer programmer in
history

HOLLERITH DESK

HOLLERITH DESK

Invented by Herman Hollerith

Consisted of three main parts:
1. CARD READER which sensed the holes in the
cards
2. GEARS which could count (using Pascal's
mechanism which we still see in car
odometers)
3. DIAL INDICATOR (a car speedometer is a dial
indicator) to display the results of the count

HOLLERITH DESK

Hollerith
built
a
company,
the
Tabulating Machine Company which,
after a few buyouts, eventually became
International Business Machines,
known today asIBM.

HOLLERITH DESK

The
Hollerith
census
machine was the first
machine
to
ever
be
featured on a magazine
cover (August 30, 1890).

HARVARD MARK I

Or simply, MARK I

HARVARD MARK I

Built as a partnership between Harvard and

IBM in 1944
Howard Aiken was the principal designer
Mark I was not fully electronic but it is the first
programmable digital computer made in the
U.S.
Operated on numbers that were 23 digits
wide. It could add or subtract two of these
numbers in three-tenths of a second, multiply
them in four seconds, and divide them in ten
seconds

HARVARD MARK I

Ran non-stop for 15 years

weighed 5 tons
one adult elephant
incorporated 500 miles of wire
half the length of the Philippines
8 feet tall
height of a ceiling
51 feet long
50 ft rotating shaft running its length

GRACE HOPPER

One of the primary programmers

for the Mark I
Hopper found the first computer
"bug": a dead moth that had
gotten into the Mark I and whose
wings were blocking the reading of
the holes in the paper tape

GRACE HOPPER

In 1953, Grace Hopper invented

the first high-level language,
"Flow-matic".
This
language
eventually became COBOL.

ATANASOFF-BERRY
COMPUTER

ATANASOFF-BERRY
COMPUTER

Built in 1937 by Professor J. V. Atanasoff

and his graduate student, Clifford Berry
First attempt of building an allelectronic computing machine
Could solve 29 equations
First computer to store data
First to employ binary arithmetic
Not programmable

COLOSSUS

COLOSSUS

built during World War II by Britain

for the purpose of breaking the
cryptographic codes used by
Germany

Z1

Z1

Built by a German, Konrad Zuse, in

his parents home some time
between 1936 and 1938
Zuses work on Z1 was published in
English and therefore, overshadowed
Harvard Mark I, Atanasoff-Berry
Computer, and Colossus.

ENIAC

Electronic Numerical Integrator and

Calculator
The forefather of today's all-electronic digital computers

ENIAC

built at the University of Pennsylvania

between 1943 and 1945 by two
professors,John MauchlyandJ.
Presper Eckert
Also used paper card readers
20x40 ft, weighed 30 tons, and used
more than 19,000 vacuum tubes

Programming the ENIAC

ENIAC

ENIAC's first task was to compute

whether or not it was possible to build a
hydrogen bomb
The first ENIAC program remains
classified to this day

EDVAC

Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic

Computer

EDVAC

Eckert and Mauchly teamed up

with John von Neumann
Pioneered the stored program
technology

UNIVAC

Universal Automatic Computer

UNIVAC

First commercial, mass-produced

computer
Household word for computer
First computer to use magnetic
tape

UNIVAC

In 1960s, UNIVACs sales went down

when IBM and seven other computer
companies sold computers in the
market
IBM was so famous but it was
brought down when it made a
mistake in buying an unknown
company named Microsoft

MICRO
ELECTRONICS
REVOLUTION

What is a
microprocessor?

It is a computer that is
fabricated on an integrated
circuit (IC).
The first microprocessor was
developed atIntelin 1971.

IBM STRETCH (1959)

Aiken estimated six electronic

digital computers would be
sufficient to satisfy the
computing needs of the entire
United States

Made by Steve Wozniak

ACORN

First IBM personal computer

(1981)

LISA

Apples PC (1983)
First PC with graphical user interface
(GUI)

GAVILAN SC

First laptop (1983)

Gavilan Computer Corporation