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Toxicity of CCl4, CO, Beta-Blockers
Toxicity of CCl4, CO, Beta-Blockers
Toxicity of CCl4, CO, Beta-Blockers
carbon tet,
carbona, tetrasol, carbon chloride
Clear,
colorless, nonflammable,
heavy liquid that evaporates easily,
producing a sweet odor and very
stable chlorinated hydrocarbon
One
Can
in chemical
manufacturing
Therapeutic
use (former):
Principal anthelmintic use is
in the treatment of
fascioliasis (for veterinary
purposes)
ROUTES OF
ADMINISTRATION:
Inhalation
Ingestion
(per-oral)
Skin absorption
Toxic Doses
more than 0.1
g/kg/day from
inhalation exposure
and 0.01 g/kg/day
from ingesting
drinking water
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AND
SYMPTOMS
Classification 10
min
AEGL-1
N.R.a
(Nondisablin
g)
AEGL-2b
420
(Disabling) ppm
(480
mg/
m3)
Acute exposure to
higher levels and chronic
inhalation or oral exposure
30 min
1h
4h
8h
N.R.
N.R.
N.R.
N.R.
150 ppm
(170
mg/m3)
83
33 ppm
ppm
(38
(95
mg/m3)
mg/m3)
27
Cardiac effects in humans
ppm with coronary artery disease
(31 (Allred et al. 1989a, 1991)
mg/
m 3)
330
150 ppm
ppm
(170
(380
mg/m3)
mg/m3)
130
ppm
(150
mg/
m 3)
Diagnostic tests
Direct
Biologic Indicators
Gas
chromatography in
blood and adipose tissue
Indirect
Liver
Biologic Indicators
Antidotes
Acetylcystein
Hyperbaric
oxygen
(pressurized O2)
colorless,
odorless, non-irritating,
tasteless gas
Incomplete
combustion of
organic matter which is
carbon containing
materials
uses
uses
Building/construction materials
not covered elsewhere
Fabric, textile, and leather
products not covered elsewhere
Fuels and related products
OF
ADMINISTRATION:
Inhalation
dose:
100ppm or at levels
Toxic
around 10%.
monoxide combines
with hemoglobin to form
carboxyhemoglobin
Irreversible
No oxygen carrying capacity
Asphyxiation
Promotes hypoxia
Oxygen deprivation
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Inhibition
of cellular
respiration
Clinical Presentation- CO
SIGNS
AND SYMPTOMS
Inhalation
CNS damage
headache
dizziness
rates
unconsciousness
death
Cherry-red skin
Manifestation of toxicity
during post poisoning
analysis
Lab/
Diagnostic
Tests
Depressed S-T
segment of ECG
decreased pulse
and respiratory
oxygen therapy
(pressurized O2)
Goal: adjust attachment of
CO + Hg within 23mins
The
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half-life of
carboxyhemoglobin is 6hrs at
room air, 1.5hrs with 100%
oxygen, and 23mins at 3
Beta-blockers
For
cardiovascular
condition (Metoprolol
and Propanolol)
Beta-blockers -USES
Therapeutic
Uses
Anti-arrhythmia agents
Antihypertensive
agents
Sympatholyitcs
Beta-blockers
ROUTES
OF
ADMINISTRATION:
Ingestion (per-oral)
TOXIC
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DOSE:
Beta-blockers
TOXICOKINETICS
Critical
Half
Intermediate
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toxicity results
in a moderate drop in BP
(systolic BP >80) or
bradycardia (heart rate <60
AND SYMPTOMS
Lab/
Diagnostic Tests
Cardiovascular
systolic BP < 80 mm
(Bradycardia, Arrhythmias,
Hg,
AV block, Hypotension
heart rate < 60 bpm
CHF)
prolongation of the
CNS (sedation)
QRS complex
Bronchoconstriction
hypoglycemia
to counteract hypoglycemia
increase blood glucose level
Isoproterenol
New
phosphodiesterase inhibitors