RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES

Table of Contents
Need for Alternative renewable Energy
Hybrid gasoline/electric
Biomass
Hydrogen Fuel-cell
Magnetic levitation
Kinetic energy harvesting

THE NEED FOR ALTERNATIVE

RENEWABLE ENERGY
Importance: Energy is used by us every day,
all day and comes in many forms. The
natural resources of the world are depleting
day by day
The United States and other highly
developed societies are in serious trouble
when it comes to consuming the worlds
natural, non-renewable energy resources.
Scientists and technologists must act now to
understand and develop alternative
renewable energy sources.

Hybrid systems

Gasoline Engine drives the automobile during highway speeds when

minimum Horsepower is required

Electric Motor works with the Gasoline Engine while accelerating

from a stop and during periods when extra acceleration is required

components:
Generator
Only used as an electricity producing component

Batteries
Store Energy to power Electric Motor

Transmission
Drives Vehicle directly from the gasoline engine or electric motor

Gas or Diesel Engine

Electric Motor

Types of hybrid systems:

Parallel:
Uses fuel for the gas
engine, and batteries
for the electric motor.
Both electric motor
and gas engine
connect to
transmission.
Both power sources
can power the
transmission
simultaneously or
individually.

` Series Hybrid

Gasoline engine turns

a generator which can
either charge batteries
or supply power to the
electric motor.
The electric motor
powers the
transmission.
This means the gas
engine never has a
direct connection with
the transmission.

Biomass
All plants store energy inside themselves as
a result of photosynthesis.
Biomass fuels utilize the energy stored in
living matter to provide energy for homes
and automobiles.

Biomass fuels include wood, wood waste, straw,

manure, sugar cane and many other byproducts
from a variety of agricultural processes.

Biomass Energy Conversions

Direct Combustion- burning of biomass to
produce heat for space heating and
electricity production.
Biochemical (Bio Fuel)- the decomposition
of organic waste to produce liquid fuel
Direct
Combustion

Biochemical
(Bio Fuel

Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicle

It is the Device in which Hydrogen and

oxygen are combined to produce
chemical energy that is converted
directly into electrical energy, that
energy is then used to power the vehicles
electric motors.

Video

What is a fuel cell

A fuel cell is an electrochemical energy
conversion device
This reaction in a single fuel cell produces
only about 0.7 volts.
To get this voltage up to a reasonable level,
many separate fuel cells must be combined
to form a fuel-cell stack.

How a Fuel Cell works

Hydrogen

Electrons
Carbon Plate (Anode)
Catalyst Layer
Matrix (Electrolyte)
Catalyst Layer
Carbon Plate (Cathode)

Oxygen
Water

MAGNETIC LEVITATED VEHICLES

Magnetic levitated trains use powerful
electromagnets to levitate the vehicle
and propel it
Can reach speeds of over 300 mph
Japan and Germany lead the world in this
technology

MAGLEV TRACK
Characteristics:
Metalcoilslineaguidewayortrack
Largeguidancemagnetsattachedtotheundersideof
Magneticfieldpushes/pullsthetrainalongtheguideway

Kinetic energy harvesting

The table below shows the amount of energy that
humans produce as they go about their everyday
lives:

Modelling energy
harvesting
At its most basic, a kinetic/inertial energy harvester
is a small box with a weight attached to a spring.
When the spring moves,
the mechanical energy is
converted into electrical
energy, usually by means
of piezoelectrics or
MEMS.
If the spring moves with
more force, or it bounces
back and forth rapidly,
more energy is produced.

THE END
ppt by
N.s.gopala krishna
O.nageswararao