Generation

(Coal & Gas)

Manish S // Rabbani // Goutham Y // Ratnesh K // Aslam SK

INDEX
Sr No

Description

INDIAN POWER SECTOR AT A GLANCE

INDIA LOOKING AHEAD

MISSION 2050

EXPEDITIOUS CAPACITY ADDITION - DRIVERS

SCENARIO - POST PARIS MEET

COAL BASED GENERATION

GAS BASED GENERATION

ROAD MAP / GOAL ~ 2025 & 2050

2050 ~ WHERE WE STAND ?

Indian Power Sector- At a Glance

State Sector

Private

Central Sector

109512; 39%

Private Sector

96646; 34%

State

74171; 26%
Central

Total Installed Capacity ~ 281 GW

(As on 31.11.2015)

Power Supply Position (India) : 2009-10 to 2015-16

1200000

Power supply in MUs

1000000
800000
600000
400000
200000

Source : www.powermin.nic.in

India ~ Looking Ahead ~ 2050

ECONOMY & ENERGY SECTOR
Indian Economy

Expected ~ Worlds Largest Economy by 2050

Energy Future

Multifold Increase in Electricity Generation Expected

Expected Demand *

Energy Demand ~ 1500 GW by 2050

*

rg
ne
E
ld
or

cil
un
o
yC

Mission Mode

Make in India

WHAT

* SOURCE
** SOURCE

WHERE

Vision

Increase in Manufacturing Growth @ 12-14% Annually

Aim

Increase in Manufacturing Share in GDP

(16% in FY 2014-15 to 25% in FY 2021-2022)

How

Top Priority Sectors Develop Manufacturing Capability

Defense Sector

Reduced Reliance on Imports by 30% (In 05 Years)

Energy Future

Multifold Increase in Electricity Generation *

: Urban Area to Go Up ( 31 % to 41 % by 2031)
: Metros / Bullet Trains / Smart Cities
: Digital India
: Agricultural Development

Capacity Addition

1350 to 1500 GW by 2050 **

: CEA
: WORLD ENERGY COUNCIL

Drivers ~ Towards Capacity Addition

Economic Growth
Per Capita

Energy Demand *
2012

2047

Transport Demand(Km)

5970

Residential Space(Sqm)

1.8

Commercial Space (Sqm)

0.7

Modern Energy Use (Kgoe)

(Cooking-Rural)

61

18700
35
5.9
183

Growth in Economic Activity ~ Lead to Demand for Energy

Govt Cant Afford Societal Divide Any Longer

6
*SOURCE : NITI AAYOG ENERGY MIX REPORT

Scenario ~ Post Paris Climate Meet

Commitment of Republic of India
Priority & Ist Commitment ~ Solar & Wind
Hydro, Nuclear & Other Non- Carbon Resources
( Shall be developed to the Largest Possible Extent)
What cannot be met by Non - Carbon Resources Shall be met by Coal

Source : Economic Times / 15.12.2015 Indian

Interlocutor

COAL BASED GENERATION

Scenario Coal Based Generation

Description

Capacity

Central Sector

49380 MW

State Sector

59450 MW

Private Sector

61307 MW

Total (30.11.2015)

170137 MW

Plant Load Factor

Total Installed Capacity

90
80

77.2
77.5

75.1

72.1
70

Coal
73.3
68.7

7069.9

69.6
65.6

Gas

Oil

Hydro

Nuclear

RES

65.52
64.46 66.27
61.78

60

36471; 13%

50

5780; 2%

40

42473; 15%

30
20

994; 0%
24473; 9%

10

Coal; 170138; 61%

On 30.11.2015
Target Actual

9
Source : www.powermin.nic.in

LAND
LAND
Issues
Land acquisition - R&R
Typical Power Plant (1000 MW) ~ 15000 Tons Coal / Day
Ash Handling Area ~ 66 % of Total Plant Requirement

0.6

Way Ahead
Optimum Utilization of Land for Power Plant & Ancillary
Land ~ Feasible for Long Term Economic Justification
Desirable ~ Proximity & Availability of Coal & Water

0.4
2014

0.35
2017
2025

0.25
2050

Land Requirement (Acre / MW)

10
Source : www.cseindia.org

Technology
Integrated-Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC)

Carbon Capture & Storage

Enhanced Efficiency (Approx 46%)

Mitigate the Contribution of Emissions

Clean Coal Gas

Post Capture, CO2 is injected through Pipeline

Reduces Water Requirement

Geo-sequestration

IGCC

CCS
11

Efficiency
Auxiliary Power

45.0%

Plant Efficieny
43.0%

5.75
%

41.0%

201
5

39.2%

5.00
%

201
7
2015

2017

2025

2050

4.75
%

202
5

4.00
205
0

Super Ultra Mega Power Plant Technology

Adopting Energy Efficient Equipments

Enhancement in Efficiency

Conservation of Energy

Air Cooled Condensers

Acts as Condensing System ~ If Water is
Limited
Also Known as Dry Cooling Tower

12

Fuel ~ Coal

13

Coal ~ Requirement & Reserves

Description

Figure

Annual Requirement ~ 01 GW ( Million Tonne)

Estimated Addition of Coal Power Plants (GW)

650

Estimated Life Span of Coal Power Plants (Years)

35

Total Coal Requirement ( BillionTonne )

115.00

Estimated Coal Reserves ~ India (Billion Ton)

301.56

Proportionate Share for Power Sector @ 70 %

211.09

Coal to Last For

Indias Coal Reserves ~ to last Up to 100 Years
Coal Production (CIL) is poised to grow @ 15% by 2022
(Against Present Rate of 7% )
CIL ~ Additional Budget Provision of 15% on Mining Tech
(FY 2015-2016)
CIL ~ Next 7 Year Budget for Mining Tech : $ 25 Billion
Commercial Mining License to State ~ Production to Increase *
Source : GSI / * Economic Times 15.12.2015

Coal Based Plants ~ Challenges

Likely Road-Blocks
Sustainability ~ Carbon Capping ( Low Emission Pathway ) ~ 2 deg C sustainability Issue
Availability of Water & Land for Thermal Power Stations
Poor Efficiency of Existing & Old Thermal Power Stations
Availability of Equipment Suppliers ~ Matching the Target / Delivering on Time
Need of Consistent GCV coal for UMPPs / Fast Paced Technology Advancement
Sustainability of Business ~ Bleeding DISCOMs / Low scheduling / Low PLF
Political ~ Continuity of Policy & Stability of Establishment
Regulatory Challenges

15

Strategy

Planning & Managing

Decommissioning

Retirement of Old & Inefficient Generation Units In Phases

Ultra Mega Power Projects (UMPPs)

Super Critical Technology Implementation ( In Reduced Area)

Hybrid Power plants

Coal and Solar

Automatic Transfer of Coal Linkage

In case of Scrapping of Old Units & Replacement

Ultra Super Critical Boiler Technology

Towards Enhanced Efficiency ( 50 %)

Swapping of Coal Reserves (On Merit)

Based on the Proximity of Power Plants

Power Purchase Agreement

Prior Purchase Agreement with Beneficiaries

COAL
~
TO REMAIN THE BACKBONE OF INDIAN POWER SECTOR

16

GAS BASED GENERATION

17

Scenario Gas Based Generation

FY 2014-2015

Installed
Allocated
Gas
required
capacity
Gas

Constraints
> 50 % of Installed Capacity ~ Inability to Acquire Fuel at a Commercially Viable Rate
FY 2104-2015

~ PLF

: 22 %

//

Power Plants Financially Stranded

18

* mmscmd ~ million metric standard cubic meter per

Fuel ~ Gas
Production

Gas Reserves

2014- 2015

Allocation 30% for

Electricity
Clean Energy Green Energy
19

Gas Based Plants ~ Challenges

Road-Blocks
Only 30% of Gas Produced is Allocated for ~ Power Generation in India
Lack of Permanent Linkage of Gas for Power Plants
Identified Sedimentary Basins in India ~ 26 // Only 20 % Explored
India produces Less Gas (98.15 mmscmd) ~ Compared to Pakistan(109 mmscmd )
Bangladesh Produces ~ 65 mmscmd Gas ( Much Smaller Industrial Base) : 2014 Estimates
Expected Gas Availability through TAPI (2020) is only 38 mmscmd
D 6 Basin ~ Production Output is Minimal against Expectation

20

21

Road Map 2025

Proposed
HydroCapacity
Renewables
Fossil
Fuel
& OthersAddition
Description

Capacity

Installed (2015)

280 GW

Addition Plan ~ Renewables

175 GW

Addition Plan ~ Fossil Fuel

130 GW

Addition Plan ~ Others

25 GW

Total (2025)
280 GW

610 GW

15

GW

(N

GWs)
0
3 er
+ th
)
C (O
TP

15

GW

+
C)
P
NT

20

GW

M
(U

MW )
0
5 e rs
+
) (Oth
PP

Agency

Capacity Addition
Fossil Fuel

NTPC

30 GW

UMPP (5 Nos)

20 GW

State & Others

80 GW

( Incl Stranded Projects)

Total

130 GW

22

Road Map 2050

Nuclear
Renewables
Hydro
Proposed
Capacity Addition

1600
1400

Capacity Addition

Description

Capacity

1200

Installed (2025)

610 GW

1000

Addition Plan ~ Renewables

175 GW

800

Addition Plan ~ Hydro

35 GW

600

Addition Plan ~ Nuclear

40 GW

400

Addition Plan ~ Fossil Fuel

(125 + 125 + 100 +75 + 75) GW

200

Total (2050)

2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050

500 GW
1360 GW
23

2050 ~ Where We Stand ?

Existing
(DEC -2015)
GW

Share
(2015)
%

Addition
(2015-2025)
GW

Addition
(2025-2050)
GW

Total
(2050)
GW

Share
(2050)
%

Renewables

36

12.85

175

175

386

28.38

Hydro

43

15.35

25

35

103

7.58

Nuclear

2.14

40

46

3.38

Gas

25

8.92

25

1.84

Fossil Fuel

170

60.71

130

500

800

58.82

Total

280

100

330

750

1360

100

TYPE

GW & % Share : 2050

Renewables
Renewables ; 28.38; 28%
Hydro ; 7.58; 8%
Fossil Fuel ; 58.82; 59%

Hydro
Nuclear
Gas
Fossil Fuel

Nuclear ; 3.38; 3%
Gas ; 1.84; 2%
24

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