Groups and Teams

Group 2:1.Anjana Jain-05

2.Priya Mantri-06
3.Jinit Tanna-08
4.Mehrveen Anand-47
5.Shweta Choudhury-51
6.Gaurav Ahuja7.Aarti Vaishnav-70.

Defining and Classifying Groups

Group(s)
Two or more individuals interacting and
interdependent, who have come
together to achieve particular objectives

Formal Group

Informal Group

A designated work
group defined by the
organizations structure

A group that is neither

formally structured nor
organizationally determined;
appears in response to the
need for social contact

The Five-Stage Model of

Group Development
1) Forming Stage
The first stage in group development,
characterized by much uncertainty

2) Storming Stage
The second stage in group development,
characterized by intragroup conflict

3) Norming Stage
The third stage in group
development, characterized
by close relationships and
cohesiveness

Group Development (contd)

4) Performing Stage
The fourth stage in group development, when the
group is fully functional

5) Adjourning Stage
The final stage in group
development for temporary
groups, characterized by
concern with wrapping up
activities rather than
performance

Group PropertiesRoles
Role(s)
A set of expected behavior patterns attributed to
someone occupying a given position in a social
unit

Group PropertiesRoles
(contd)
1.Role Expectations

How others believe a person

should act in a given situation
Psychological Contract
An unwritten agreement that sets out what
management expects from the employee
and vice versa

2. Role Perception
Our view of how we are supposed to act in
a given situation.

3.Role conflict
When compliance with one role
requirement may make it difficult to comply
with another, the result is role conflict.

Group PropertiesNorms
Norms
Acceptable standards of behavior within a
group that are shared by the groups
members

Classes
Classesof
ofNorms
Norms

Performance
Performancenorms
norms
Appearance
Appearancenorms
norms
Social
Socialarrangement
arrangementnorms
norms
Allocation
Allocationof
ofresources
resourcesnorms
norms

Conformity: Asch Studies

Which line is the same length as X?

Group PropertiesNorms
(contd)
Deviant Workplace Behavior

Antisocial actions by
organizational members that
intentionally violate established
norms and result in negative
consequences for the
organization, its members, or
both
Group norms can influence the
presence of deviant behavior.

Group PropertiesStatus
A socially defined position or Rank given to
groups or group members by others-permeates
every society.
Determined by:
The power a person wields over others
A persons ability to contribute to a groups
goals
An individuals personal characteristics

contd
1. Status and Norms: Status has some interesting effects on
the power of norms and pressure to conform. People with high
status are given more freedom than other group members
and also they are better to resist conformity pressure.
2. Status and Group Interaction: High status people are more
assertive group members. They speak out more often, criticize
more, state more commands and interpret others more often.
3. Status Inequality: In Status Inequality it is important for the
person to believe that the hierarchy are equitable. Hierarchical
groups can led to resentment among lower end. Larger
differences lead to poor individual performance, lower health
and higher intervention to leave the group.

Group PropertiesSize
Social Loafing
The tendency for individuals to expend less effort
when working collectively than when working
individually

Performance

Odd
Oddnumber
numbergroups
groupsdo
do
better
betterthan
thaneven.
even.
Groups
Groupsof
of55to
to77perform
perform
better
betteroverall
overallthan
thanlarger
larger
or
orsmaller
smallergroups.
groups.

Group Size

Relationship Between Group Cohesiveness,

Performance Norms, and Productivity

Diversity
Diversity is the final stage in which the members
of the group are either similar or different from
each other.
Through research it has been stated that diversity
influences the group performance.
Cultural diversity, racial, gender and some other
differences are some of the ways in which
differences are occurred.
Some of the Benefits and Costs incurred with the
help of diversity are as followed:-

Benefits and costs

Benefits

Costs

Surface-level diversity

Increase in group conflict.

Open minded

Increase in tenure diversity.

Creative

Less satisfaction level.

Fewer factual error.

Team
Teams: A small number of people who work closely
together toward a common objective and are
accountable to one another.

A Team Effectiveness Model

Context

Adequate
resources
Leadership and
structure.
Climate of trust
Performing
evaluation and
reward
systems.

Composition

Abilities of
members
Personality
Allocating roles
Diversity
Size of teams
Members of
flexibility
Member
preferences.

Process

Common
purpose
Specific goals
Team efficacy
Conflict levels
Social loafing.

Thank you