SEMINAR ON

GAS TURBINE

AVINASH KUMAR
THERMAL ENGINEERING

15-22-113
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A new process concept

for highly efficient
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Conversion and
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S. Barsali, A. De
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Dynamic modelling of
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2015

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Upgrading existing coalfired power plants

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OUTLINE
INTRODUCTION
COMPONENTS OF GAS TURBINE
WORKING PRINCIPLE OF GAS
TURBINE
ADVANTAGES OF GAS TURBINE
DISADVANTAGES OF GAS TURBINE
TYPES OF GAS TURBINE
APPLICATIONS OF GAS TURBINE
ALTERNATIVE FUELS USED IN GAS
TURBINE
CONCLUSION

INTRODUCTION
A gas turbine is a mechanical machine
used to deliver power by using gaseous
working fluid.
It was invented in 1930 by Frank Whittle
Patented in 1934
First used for aircraft propulsion in 1942
on Me262 by Germans during second
world war

COMPONENTS OF
GAS TURBINE
INLET SYSTEM
COMPRESSOR
COMBUSTION CHAMBER

HIGH PRESSURE TURBINE

LOW PRESSURE TURBINE
EXHAUST SYSTEM

WORKING
PRINCIPLE

1-2 Isentropic compression (in a compressor); h2-h1 = mCp(T2-T1)

2-3 Constant pressure heat addition (in a combustor); h 3-h2 mCp(T3-T2)
3-4 Isentropic expansion (in a turbine); h 3-h4 = mCp(T3-T4)
4-1 Constant pressure heat rejection
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ADVANTAGES
Very high power-to-weight ratio, compared to reciprocating
engines
Fewer moving parts than reciprocating engines
Low operating pressures
High operation speeds

Low lubricating oil cost and consumption

High reliability

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DISADVANTAGES
Cost is much greater than for a similar-sized
reciprocating engine since the material must be
stronger and more heat resistant. Machining
operations are more complex

Usually less efficient than reciprocating engines,

especially at idle
Delayed response to changes in power settings
These make GT less suitable for road transport
and helicopters
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CLASSIFICATION
OF GAS TURBINE
Gas turbine can be classified into two type:

1) Open cycle gas turbine

2) Closed cycle gas turbine

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CLASSIFICATION
OF GAS TURBINE
A simple cycle gas turbine can be classified
broadly into five type:1)
2)
3)
4)

Industrial gas turbine

Aircraft propulsion gas turbine
Rocket propulsion gas turbine
Solar gas turbine

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APPLICATIONS OF
GAS TURBINE
Gas turbines are applied in various fields nowadays. Mainly
gas turbines are applied in following field:1) Power generation

2) Aircraft or jet propulsion

3) Rocket propulsion

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GAS TURBINE IN
POWER
GENERATION
Gas turbines are used in industries for power generation since
years.
It is very efficient in power plant for power generation.

Power is generated by use of gaseous working fluid.

This working fluid is initially compressed in the compressor. It is
then heated in the combustion chamber.
Finally, it goes through the turbine. The turbine converts the energy
of the gas into mechanical work. Part of this work is used to drive
the compressor. The remaining part is used to generate power.
This power generation is carried on basis of Brayton cycle
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RESEARCH IN
POWER
GENERATION
Many new innovations are being carried out to generate power trough
different gas turbine through different means. some of innovative
ideas are as follow:-

Power generation in a hybrid system consisting of a solid oxide fuel

cell(SOFC) and a gas turbine.
Power generation through solar gas turbine system with centrifugal
particle receiever for remote ares.
Micro turbine power generation through bio-gas mixed fuel cogeneration .
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GAS TURBINE IN
AIRCRAFT
PROPULSION
The principle of aircraft propulsion is obtained from newtons
second law of motion. When a fluid is to be accelerated , a force is
required to produce this acceleration. At same time there is equal
and opposite reaction force which is known as thrust . Hence, it may
be stated that working of aircraft propulsion is based on reaction
principle.

Two types of fluid are most suitable for aircraft propulsion. They
are:i. A heated and compressed atmospheric air.
ii. A jet of gas produced by chemical reaction of fuels
and oxidizer.
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GAS TURBINE IN
AIRCRAFT
PROPULSION
Aircraft or jet propulsion gas turbine engine
can classified into five type:1)
2)
3)
4)
5)

Ramjet engines
Pulse jet engines
Turbojet engines
Turboprop engines
Turbofan engines

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RESEARCH IN
AIRCRAFT
PROPULSION
Many new innovations are being carried out in making efficient aircraft
propulsion engine through different means. some of innovative ideas are
as follow:-

Aicraft gas turbine engine is moduled with cross flow micro-channel

heat exchanger to increse its efficiency

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CHALLENGES OF FUTURE
AIRCRAFT PROPULSION
ENGINE
Total aircraft propulsive power and weight are the two dominant
factors most likely to impact in future.

The expected increase of future MTOW(MAXIMUM TAKE OFF

WEIGHT) and OWE(OPERATING EMPTY WEIGHT)imposes
weight limitation on future propulsive units.
The majority of aircraft employing distributed propulsion is likely to
be used mostly in subsonic aircraft.
Employing three or more engines for a specific distributed propulsion
arrangement is to adopted by industry.
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ALTERNATIVE
FUELS USED IN
GAS TURBINE
Apart from compressed atmospheric air some alternative fuels is
being used nowadays. These fuels are more efficient and
environment friendly.

Due new innovations in future these fuels are used in gas turbine to
fulfill the demands from remote areas.
Some of fuels are:1) Biomass
2) Hydrogen
3) Ammonia
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ALTERNATIVE
FUELS USED IN
GAS TURBINE
BIOMASS
It is becoming more and more interesting option to replace
conventional fossil fuel for heat and power generation.

University of pisa jointly with some local manufactures has designed,

built and tested on externally fired micro gas turbine(EFMGT)
supplying 70 kW of electricity as well as 200-250 kW of useful heat.

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ALTERNATIVE
FUELS USED IN
GAS TURBINE
HYDROGEN
Investigation shows that hydrogen has the potential to reduce the
energy utilisation of long range transport aircraft by
appoximately 11%.

Hydrogen allows a much smaller wing area and span. Therefore

small span reduces around 30% in take-off gross weight and 3%
in direct operating cost for a given fuel price.

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ALTERNATIVE
FUELS USED IN
GAS TURBINE
AMMONIA
Ammonia can be obtained either from fossil fuels , biomass or
other renewable sources.

Gaseous ammonia blended with methane can be used in gas

turbine.
After a experiment using both ammonia and methane blends
emissions were measured . Results show that efficient combustion
can be achieved with high power but at very narrow equivalence
ratio.
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CONCLUSION
Gas turbine is more efficient than any other ideal power plant.
Gas turbine is used in power generation , aircraft propulsion
etc

In future gas turbine may be used for power generation

through renewable resouces widely and efficiently
More innovative ideas is being developed for use of renewable
fuels in gas turbine for eco friendly power generation and also
in remote areas.

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THANK

YOU
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