GROUP MEMBERS

Roll Nos.
From
2014-ME-01
To
2014-ME-20

TOPIC
Practical application of
the
vector analysis

WHAT WE HAVE COVERED

Air Craft Vectoring

Solar panel
Use of curl
Use of gradient vector
Cannon
Wind vector
Sports
Force torque etc..
Roller coaster

Aircraft Vectoring
Aircraft vectoringis anavigationservice
provided to aircraft byair traffic control.

The controller decides on a particularairfield traffic patternfor

the aircraft to fly, composed of specific legs or vectors. The
aircraft then follows this pattern when the controller instructs the
pilot to fly specificheadingsat appropriate times.

Vectoring is used to separate aircraft by a specified distance, to

aid the navigation of flights, and to guide arriving aircraft to a
position from which they can continue theirfinal approachto land
under the guidance of an approach procedure.

*Anaircraft's headingis the direction that the aircraft's nose is

pointing.

Installation of Solar Panels

Solar panels have to be installed carefully so that
the tilt of the roof, and the direction to the sun,
produce the largest possible electrical power in
the solar panels.
A simple application of vector dot and cross
products lets us predict the amount of electrical
power the panels can produce.
A surveyor on the sidewalk uses his instruments
to determine the coordinates of the four corners
of a roof where solar panels are to be mounted.

Use of CURL for Human Welfare

Assume we insert small paddle wheels in a flowing

river.
The flow is higher close to the center and slower at
the edges.
Therefore, a wheel close to the center (of a river)
will not rotate
since velocity of water is the
same on both sides of the wheel.
Wheels close to the edges will rotate due to
difference in velocities.
The curl operation determines the direction and the
magnitude
of rotation.

Use of Gradient vector

A gradient vector is the gradient of a function, which represents the
directional
change in a scalar function. It is crucial to determine if a vector
field is conservative.
The easiest way to determine whether a vector field is conservative
is by
demonstrating that all the infinite closed curves in a vector filed
have no circulation
which means the result of their integration is zero.
Another way of proving a vector field is conservative is by
finding the curl of the vector; if the curl is a non-zero value, this
means the vector
field is path-dependent .

Cannon
Acannonis any piece ofartillerythat
usesgunpowderor other usually
explosive-based propellants to launch a
projectile.
Cannon vary in range, mobility, rate of
fire; different forms of cannon combine
and balance these attributes in varying
degrees, depending on their intended
use on the battlefield.
Of course for this we need vectors. It is
used also in aircraft.

Wind Vectors

Lets say we have plane with constant velocity,

and plane move to south, and we have wind force
which direction of it is west, so due to plane
movement is south and wind movement is west,
finally plane move diagonally, or in the south-west.
EXAMPLE
Suppose you are riding a bicycle on a day when
there is no wind. Although the wind speed is zero
you will feel a breeze on the bicycle due to the fact
that you are moving through the air. This is the
apparent wind. On the windless day, the apparent
wind will always be directly in front and equal in
speed to the speed of the bicycle.

Sports (Baseball)
Another example of a vector in real life
would be an outfielder in a baseball
game moving a certain direction for a
specific distance to reach a high fly ball
before it touches the ground. The
outfielder can't just run directly for
where he sees the ball first or he is going
to miss it by a long shot. The player
must anticipate what direction and how
far the ball will be from him when it
drops and move to that location to have
the best chance of catching the ball.

Apparent wind in sailing

Insailing, the apparent wind is the actual flow of air
acting upon asail. It is the wind as it appears to the
sailor on a moving vessel. It differs in speed and
direction from thetrue windthat is experienced by a
stationary observer. Innautical terminology, these
properties of theapparent windare normally
expressed inknotsanddegrees. On boats, apparent
wind is measured or "felt on face / skin" if on a dinghy
or looking at any telltales or wind indicators on-board.
True wind needs to be calculated or stop the boat.
Windsurfersand certain types of boats are able to sail
faster than the true wind. These include
fastmultihullsand someplanningmonohulls.Icesailorsandland-sailorsalso usually fall into this
category, because of their relatively low amount
ofdragorfriction

7. Force, Torque, Acceleration,

Velocity and etc
For calculating every vectorial unit, you need
vector.
Example
There is a tire with mass m, and it has initial and
final velocity, acceleration, gravitational,
reaction, friction forces, and due to rotation it has
torque. For getting the result, you need vectors.
In construction, every architect have to know
their buildings of durability, for this they need
forces that max how many force will apply to
their building, and of course they need again
vectors. So you can see how the vectors are
important

Roller Coaster
Aroller coasteris anamusement ridedeveloped
foramusement parksand moderntheme parks. Most of
the motion in a roller-coaster ride is a response to the
Earth's gravitational pull.
No engines are mounted on the cars. After the train
reaches the top of the first slope the highest point on the
ride the train rolls downhill and gains speed under the
Earth's gravitational pull. The speed is sufficient for it to
climb over the next hill. This process occurs over and over
again until all the train's energy has been lost to friction
and the train of cars slows to a stop. If no energy were
lost to friction, the train would be able to keep running as
long as no point on the track was higher than the first
peak.
Here vectors of forces, acceleration, and velocity are
important to make a safety system, if designer consider
them accurately then system will be safety.

Air Plane
If a plane is trying to fly to an airstrip 40 miles north of its
current location, and it is travelling at 100 mph, a person
might assume the plane would arrive in 30 minutes if the
pilot pointed the plane due north. But if the plane had a
prevailing wind from the west blowing at 9 miles per hour,
it would end up 5 miles to the east of the airport, as the
wind has blown the airplane off course.
Think of the plane's speed and direction as vector A, and
the wind's speed and direction as vector B. Add them head
to foot, then draw a line from the plane's starting point to
the end of vector B. This is the actual location of the plane.
Winds blowing at the plane from the front are called
headwinds, while winds from the back of the plane are
called tailwinds. All winds from any direction are calculated
as vectors, and these vectors affect aircraft courses and
require consistent course correction.

TOPIC
Practical application
of the partial
differential eq.

Mathematical and Physical

Equations
PDEs are known to be widely used in
the derivation of many mathematical
and/or physical equations or proofs
and their importance can definitely
not be neglected.

Other Applications
PDEs are used to find out how much
a beam is going to bend.
PDEs are used to find the stress
distribution within an object when
subjected to some load.
PDEs are required to find out the
mechanical stresses in a bridge.

practical applications
For practical applications, partial differential equations
get translated into specific differential equations.
More generally, computer software based on
ordinary differential equations is used, rather
than solving the equations by hand every time.
Heat equation in one space dimension
Wave equation in one spatial dimension
Generalized heat-like equation in one space
dimension
Spherical waves
Laplace equation in two dimension.

Marginal Cost
The cost added by producing one extra item of
a product is called marginal cost.
Many economists use the differential equations to
calculate the marginal cost.
Suppose it is stated that the marginal cost to
manufacture x widgets9 is given by the function M C
D 10x C 5000. We can express this statement more
concisely with the differential equation dC dx D 10x C
5000
where C.x/ denotes the total cost to produce x widgets