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SCES3043 KEPELBAGAIAN BIOLOGI Eukarya (Kingdom Protist & Kingdom Fungus)
SCES3043 KEPELBAGAIAN BIOLOGI Eukarya (Kingdom Protist & Kingdom Fungus)
SCES3043 KEPELBAGAIAN BIOLOGI Eukarya (Kingdom Protist & Kingdom Fungus)
ALAM PROTISTA
&
ALAM FUNGI
ERMA
PISMP
VERONIKA
SAINS
IPG
SK
HARIYONO
AMBILAN
KAMPUS
KENT
JUN
2015
EUKARYA
PROTIST
A
FUNGI
PLANTAE
ANIMALI
A
E U K A RYA
AL A M PROTISTA
s
m
s
i
n
a
g
r
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l
l
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c
d
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i
s
Protists are
.
a
e
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r
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a
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e
t
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e
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li
BUT
.
s
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I
C
O
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Y
K
A
they are EU
Classifications are still difficult
due to the huge variations of
traits in Protista.
MOTILITY
Most protists are motile, with either flagella or cilia. Some move by
gliding or by extensions.
Note:
NUTRITION
Protists may be autotrophic,
heterotrophic, or mixotrophic organisms.
Mixotrophic organisms combine
photosynthesis and food ingestion.
Photosynthetic: algae (plant-like)
Ingestive: protozoa (animal-like)
Absorptive: fungus-like
LIFE CYCLE
A few protists are entirely asexual.
Most reproduce sexually by meiosis
and then go on to reproduce
asexually.
Whether haploid or diploid dominates
varies.
HABITAT
Plankton are organisms that drift or swim near the surface of the
water. Phytoplankton are responsible for half of the worlds
photosynthesis and O2 production.
Different episodes
of secondary
endosymbiosis
account for the
diversity of
protists with
plastids.
Fig.28.25
Copyright2002PearsonEducation,Inc.,publishingasBenjaminCummings
A wave of
diversity followed
the origin of
eukaryotes.
Protistan Diversity:
Diplomonadida And Parabasala
-Lack mitochondria (probably lost them, rather than never
acquired them)
Giardia lamblia- example of Diplomonad
Trichomonas vaginalis- example of Parabasalid
GIARDIA LAMBLIA
Euglenozoa
Alveolavata
D I N O F L A G E L L ATE
Dinoflagellate (phytoplankton)
blooms cause red tide and
produce toxins.
CILIOPHORA
Stramenopila
Diverse group of heterotrophs and phototrophs (algae)
- Usually have hairy flagella
Four major taxa are within the stramenopila:
Oomycota (water molds, but not fungi)
Diatoms
Golden algae
Brown algae
Diatoms, Golden algae, & Brown algae also known as Heterokont algae.
They are photosynthetic and contain endosymbiotic plastids (chloroplasts).
DIATOM
A
GOLDEN
ALGAL
SPECIES.
BROWN ALGAE
Rhodophyta (red
algae)
-No flagella
-Red non-chlorophyll pigments similar to those in
cyanobacteria.
Absorption spectra for
different algal pigments
Chlorophyta (green
algae)
Characterized by green chloroplasts, similar to those
found in plants.
Exist as unicellular (Chlamydomonas), colonial (Volvox),
or multi-cellular (Caulerpa) organisms.
clamydomo
nas
Caulerpa
Volvox
CHARA- VERY
CLOSELY
RELATED TO
FIRST LAND
PLANTS
MYCETOZOA
Rhizopoda
(amoeboids)
Actinopoda
Foraminifera
AL A M FUNGI
CHARACTERISTICS OF FUNGI
Eukaryotic
Most are Multicellular
Filamentous body plan
Heterotrophic by Absorption
Produce spores by sexual and asexual reproduction
Haploid for part or most of life cycle
Cell wall made of chitin
No movement: change location by growth of body or
dispersion of spores
Haploid
Nuclei
Septum
Pore
Cell Walls
FUNGAL NUTRITION
Heterotropic by absorption
secrete digestive enzymes
digest macromolecules outside the body
absorb digested nutrients
SAPROPHYTES
PARASITES
Algal Layer
Fungal Hyphae
Attachment
Structure
SEXUAL REPRODUCTION
CHYTHRI
D FUNGI
Forming
Male
Gametes
Forming
Female
Gametes
Flagellated,
swimming
spores require
water for
dispersal
Ancestral group,
gave rise to
modern fungi
ZYGOTE
FUNGI
SAC
FUNGI
CLUB
FUNGI
Basidium = club-shaped
reproductive structure that
produces basidiospores
IMPERFEC
T FUNGI