ME 221 Statics

Lecture #14
Sections 7.1 7.4

ME221

Lecture 14

Homework #6
Chapter 7 problems:
6, 19 & 26

Chapter 6 problems
3&6
Due Monday, June 28

MatLab Group Problems

7.19, 7.26 & 6.15
Due Monday, June 28

ME221

Lecture 14

Quiz #6
Friday, June 25

ME221

Lecture 14

Chapter 7:
Internal Forces in Structures
Review internal/external forces
How to find internal forces
Sample problems

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Lecture 14

External/Internal Forces
External forces arise from contact or
gravitational attraction
Point and distributed loading
Weight

Internal forces are forces arising to hold

bodies together
Internal stress is a form of an internal force

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Exposing Internal Forces

To analyze the stress at a given location in a
part, we need to know the forces at that
particular section.

b
a

b
a

At any given section a-a, b-b, or

c-c, there is an internal force arising
from the 100 lb external force.

100 lb

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Lecture 14

Method for Finding Internal Forces

Determine reaction forces

Use equilibrium equations

Section and solve second equilibrium problem
to find internal forces
Mz=0

Ay=100 lb

Ax=0
Mz
a

100 lb

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100 lb

Lecture 14

Fy

Fx

100 lb

General Internal Forces

In general, there is a force and moment
component for each coordinate direction at a
given section
6 possible unknowns
Sample problems:

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Lecture 14

Example:
Determine the internal
forces and moments in
the bar built into the
foundation as shown in
the figure.

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P
x

z
O

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(l-x)

rp

Horizontal Portion

F 0 R Pk

M 0 M (l x)ix Pk

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R Pk

M P (l x) j
10

P
x

y
z
O

R Pk

M Plj P (h y )i
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(h-y)

rp li (h y ) j

R
Vertical Portion

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11

Shear and Bending Diagrams

(Secs. 7.3, 7.4)

Topic is also called transversely loaded beams

Beam classifications and boundary conditions
Internal forces and the components specific rolls
Relation between shear and bending
Generation of shear and bending diagrams

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Types of Beams by Supports

Transversely loaded beams have several
standard configurations
Determinate beams have the same number
of reactions as nontrivial equilibrium eqns.
Determinate

Indeterminate

Simple

Overhanging
Cantilever

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13

Internal Force Component Rolls

Force components
Vz
Axial is along beam
Vy
Shearing forces are transverse components

Moment components
Torsion along beam

Bending for transverse components

Mz
My

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14

Shear and Moment Diagrams

-Sectioning Method
-Integration
-Singularity Functions

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15

What is expected for shear and bending

diagrams?
1. Show FBD and statics for each section
2. Determine equation for V(x) and M(x)
3. Draw shear and bending diagrams indicating linear or
parabolic
4. Label end points of diagram as well as every region
endpoint

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16

Shear and Moment Diagrams using Sectioning Method

Generate a shear / bending diagram as follows:

1. Find reaction forces

2. Take a section on each side of an applied force or moment and inside
a distributed load
(take a new section whenever there is a change in the load or shape of the beam)

- draw a FBD and sum forces / moments

3. Repeat 2 along the length of the beam.
w(x) distributed load
V(x) shear force
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M(x) moment
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17

Sign Convention

Positive Shear and Positive Moment

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18

Effect of External Forces

Positive Shear

Positive Moment
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19

125 lb

20 lb/in

9 in.

12 in.

125 lb

12 in.

12in.

V
x

+ve

-ve
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tension up
Lecture 14

Tension down
20