EARTH MOVING

EQUIPMENTS

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CONSTRUCTION & WORKING

OF POWER SHOVEL

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POWER SHOVELS

Power Shovels are used primarily to excavate earth and

load it into trucks or tractor pulled wagons or onto or onto
conveyor belts.
They are capable of excavating all classes of earth, except
solid rock, without prior loosening, like in quarries, mines in
any road projects etc.
Power shovels are considered as basic tool for excavating
the materials and loading.
They may be mounted on crawler tracks, in which case
they are referred to as crawler mounted shovels. Such
shovels have very low travel speeds.
However, they may be mounted an rubber-tired wheels.
Single-engine self-propelled units are powered and
operated from excavator cab. The non-self-propelled units
mounted on the rear of tracks, which are referred to as
truck-mounted, have separate engines for operating them.

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POWER SHOVELS

The basic parts of a power shovel include the

mounting, cab, boom, dipper stick and bucket or
dipper and under carriage unit.
Power unit
Under carriage unit
Hoist and loading assembly: It is used for hoisting
the dipper and loading the material into
predetermined place.
It essentially consists of rigid boom and dipper stick
which is strongly built to withstand impact loading
while excavation. To operate shovel in favorable
condition i.e. economically, it will be necessary to
reduce the depth of penetration of dipper face.
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POWER SHOVELS

The general operation of a hydraulically

controlled shovel differ from those of a cablecontrolled shovel primarily in that the operator
forces are produced by pistons instead of by
cables.
Hence, it is clear that the applications of power
shovel are
1) To excavate the soils of all types except
rocks without prior loosening.
2) To collect and dump the material.
3) To load the excavated material into dump
trucks, conveyer belts etc.
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SCRAPERS

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SCRAPERS

Scrapers are the result of a compromise between the

best loading and the best hauling machines.
Scrapers are used to scrap the ground, load it
simultaneously, then transport it over a distance,
dump at the desired place and then spread or layered.
The ability of these machines to deposit their loads in
uniformly thick layer will facilitate the succeeding
spreading operation
On the return trips to borrow pits the cutting blades of
scrapers may be lowered enough to remove high
spots, thereby assisting in maintaining the haul roads.
Thus, scrapers are designed to dig, load, haul, dump
and spread. Therefore sometimes it is called Carryall.

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SCRAPERS

It essentially consists of a large scoop provided with

cutting edge. The scoop is in the form of bucket on
hollow container, which is known as bowl or body.
The scoop can excavate, transport and dump the
material wherever required.
The cutting edge of scoop does the excavate work
and the excavated material goes on collecting in
howl from the front gate.
The material is transported to the site of dumping
and is taken out from the tailgate of the bowl. Then
facilitate the succeeding spreading operations to
required and uniform thick layer.
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Types of Scrapers
Scrapers may be broadly classified
into two main categories
1) Crawler tractor scraper
2) Wheel tractor scraper.
a) Single engine
b) Twin engine
c) Two bowl tandem
d) Elevating Scrapers.
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DUMPERS

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DUMPERS

Dumper is also known as Dump truck. The motor

vehicle which is specially designed & constructed for
carrying the heavy loads under various operations
conditions can be called as Dumpers.
These are meant for carrying rocks, coal, minerals,
aggregate and other materials in construction works.
Dumper may be ON road Vehicle or OFF road vehicle.
ON road Dumpers generally used in normal roads
such as in road construction, while OFF road means,
vehicle is used apart from good words, i.e. in terrains
like in dam construction mines etc.

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DUMPERS

The constructional features of Dumper is

similar to that heady duty truck, except a high
strength container or trolley is mounted at
back side of the Cabin and Hydraulic assisted
load raising and lowering facility is provided for
dumping material in the trolley.
Some dumpers may have 2 hydraulic cylinders
and the size of rear wheel and number of rear
axles may vary with load carrying capacity and
mode of operations.
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DUMPERS

Suspension at front is of rigid elliptical type and at

rear heavy duty leaf springs are provided to absorb
high impact loading under severe operating
conditions.
Container for dumper is specially constructed to
withstand ill handlings. Heavy duty air cleaner,
filter, share proof mountings of all instruments, dust
proof electrical systems and cushion mountings for
radiator may present in some dump trucks.
Dumpers play important vole in dam construction,
road making, mining etc. for carrying materials and
dumping at required place quickly and conveniently.
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Any
Questions
?

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