TBE201/05

IT Construction and CAD

About The Tutor

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Course overview
After completing this course, you should be able to:

Create and save an AutoCAD file, produce typical drawing layout and
lettering.
Edit and modify technical drawings by using various basic commands of
AutoCAD.
Produce two dimensional views from three dimensional
objects/structures.
Understand the basic drawing principles in structural and architectural
drawings.
Utilize the CAD skills to prepare /modify engineering drawings involved in
construction projects

Unit 2 Editing and

Modifying Drawings
2.1 Basic Editing Commands
2.2 Advanced Editing Commands
2.3 Create and Insert of Block

Unit overview
This unit includes:

The basic commands for editing such as stretch, move,

rotate, scale and mirror.

The advanced editing commands such as array, offset,

chamfer, fillet, trim and extend; the process of layering
and the purging of objects from drawings

The use of repeatable components called blocks.

Objectives
By the end of Unit 2, you should be able to:

Differentiate between the various types of editing commands

commonly used in technical drawings.
Apply basic and advanced editing commands to modify CAD
drawings.
Create, insert and edit object blocks.

2.1 Basic Editing Commands

By the end of Section 2.1, you should be able to:

Use Stretch command to stretch drawing or parts of the drawing.
Use Move command to reposition objects.
Use Rotate command to change the angle of objects.
Use Scale command to resize objects.
Use Mirror command to create mirrored images of objects.

Stretch
Stretch lengthens, widens or distends the original shape
of the objects.
Command access:
Ribbon: Home tab > Modify panel > Stretch
Command Line: stretch, s

Stretch
To stretch object:
Click Home tab > Modify panel > Stretch
Select the portion of object that you want to stretch using a
crossing window selection, press enter.
Specify the base point where the offset of the stretch is to be
calculated.
Specify the second point that defines the distance and direction of
the stretch.

Move
Move command repositions existing objects in the
drawing a specified distance in a specified direction.
Command access:
Ribbon: Home tab > Modify panel > Move
Command Line: move, m
Shortcut menu: With the selected objects highlighted, right-click in
the workspace and select Move.

Move
To move object:
Click Home tab > Modify panel > Move
Select the object that you want to move, press enter.
Specify the base point where the object is moving from.
Specify the second point that defines the distance and direction of
move.

Rotate
Rotate command changes the angle of the objects
around a specified base point.
Command access:
Ribbon: Home tab > Modify panel > Rotate
Command Line: rotate, ro
Shortcut menu: With the selected objects highlighted, right-click in
the workspace and select Rotate.

Rotate
To rotate object:
Click Home tab > Modify panel > Rotate
Select the object that you want to rotate, press enter.
Specify the base point for the rotation.
Specify the rotation angle by entering an angle value or by
dragging the cursor.
When the Rotate command is still active, you may enter copy/c to
create a copy of the selected objects or enter reference/r to rotate
the selected objects from a specified reference angle to an absolute
angle.

Scale
Scale command is used to increase or decrease the size
or the selected objects, preserving the existing
proportions of the objects the same after scaling.
Command access:
Ribbon: Home tab > Modify panel > Scale
Command Line: scale, sc
Shortcut menu: With the selected objects highlighted, right-click in
the workspace and select Scale.

Scale
To scale object:
Click Home tab > Modify panel > Scale
Select the object that you want to scale, press enter.
Specify the base point for the scale.
Specify the scale factor or by dragging the cursor.
When the Scale command is still active, you may enter copy/c to
create a copy of the selected objects or enter reference/r to scale
the selected objects from a specified reference angle to an absolute
angle.

Mirror
Mirror command creates mirrored images or symmetric
version of existing objects in the drawing.
Command access:
Ribbon: Home tab > Modify panel > Mirror
Command Line: mirror, mi

Mirror
To mirror object:
Click Home tab > Modify panel > Mirror
Select the object that you want to mirror, press enter.
Specify the first point of the mirror line.
Specify the second point of the mirror line.
Enter yes/y to erase the source objects or no/n to keep the source
objects.
.

Mirror
To mirror text:
At the command line, key in MIRRTEXT and press enter.
Enter 1 and press enter.
Click Home tab > Modify panel > Mirror
Select the text that you want to mirror, press enter.
Specify the first point of the mirror line.
Specify the second point of the mirror line.
Enter yes/y to erase the source objects or no/n to keep the source
objects.
You may select MIRRTEXT and enter 0 to set it back to default.

2.2 Advanced Editing Commands

By the end of Section 2.2, you should be able to:
Use Array command to pattern objects.
Use Offset command to create parallel lines, geometries or objects.
Use Chamfer command to create chamber features on objects.
Use Fillet command to create radius geometry connecting two lines or
objects.
Use Trim command to shorten objects to meet edges of other objects.
Use Extend command to extend the objects to meet edges of other
objects.
Use Layer command to create layers, manipulate objects and create
additional objects on its correct layer.
Use Purge command to remove unused items from the drawing.

Array
Array command creates and arranges duplicate objects in a
repeatable pattern. Copies of objects can be arranged in a
regularly spaced rectangular, polar or path array. Type of
array can be selected in the Array dialog box by entering
Arrayclassic in the command line.
Command access:
Ribbon: Home tab > Modify panel > Array
Command Line: array, ar, arrayclassic

Array
Array Dialog Box: Rectangular Array

Array
Array Dialog Box: Polar Array

Array
To create rectangular array of object using Array Dialog Box:
Enter Arrayclassic in command line.
In the dialog box, select rectangular option.
Click Select Objects and select the object that you want to array,
press Enter.
Enter row and column values or click Pick Offset to specify the row
and column offset values.
Enter an angle for the array if required.
Click Preview to preview the array.
Right-click to accept and create the array or press Esc to return to
the dialog box.

Array
To create polar array of object using Array Dialog Box:
Enter Arrayclassic in command line.
In the dialog box, select polar option.
Click Select Objects and select the object that you want to array,
press Enter.
Enter X and Y coordinates for the center point of the array in the
Center Point fields or click Pick Center Point to select the center
point in the drawing.
Select the method to use for the array in the Method List. Enter
values in the appropriate fields according to the chosen method.
Click Preview to preview the array.
Right-click to accept and create the array or press Esc to return to
the dialog box.

Array
To create array of object using Modify panel in Ribbon:
Click Home tab > Modify panel > Array
Select the object that you want to array, press Enter.
Select array type: rectangular, path or polar.
Select grip to edit array or press Enter to array with program
default setting.

Offset
Offset command creates parallel lines, parallel curves,
concentric circles or geometries at a specified distance
or through a point from the original object.
Command access:
Ribbon: Home tab > Modify panel > Offset
Command Line: offset, o

Offset
The Offset command options:
Through: Selected object is offset at a distance from a point
picked in the drawing window.
Erase: The source object is erased after it has been offset.
Layer: The object is offset to the original source layer or the
current layer.
Multiple: The object is multiply offset in increments
specified by the offset distance.

Offset
To offset object with a specified distance:
Click Home tab > Modify panel > Offset
Select the object that you want to offset, press Enter.
Specify the offset distance by entering a value.
Pick a point on the side where you want to offset the new objects.
You may continue to offset the next object or select Undo or just
press Enter to exit the command.

Offset
To offset object through a point:
Click Home tab > Modify panel > Offset
Select the object that you want to offset, press Enter.
Select Offset type: Through.
Specify the point though where to offset the object. The top
horizontal line indicates the position of the object after the offset.
You may continue to offset the next object or select Undo or just
press Enter to exit the command.

Offset
To offset object multiple times at a specified distance:
Click Home tab > Modify panel > Offset
Select the object that you want to offset, press Enter.
Specify the offset distance by entering a value.
Select Multiple option.
Select a point in the side where to place the new objects.
Select another point to offset the last object by the same distance.
Continue selecting points to repeat the offset of the last object.
Enter Exit/e to exit from the command.

Chamfer
Chamfer command connects two lines or objects to
meet in a flattened or beveled corner. Chamfer connects
them with an angled line.
Command access:
Ribbon: Home tab > Modify panel > Chamfer
Command Line: chamfer, cha

Chamfer
The Chamfer command options:
Undo: The previous action of the Chamfer command is reversed.
Polyline: This option is used to chamfer a 2D polyline. All polyline
vertices are chamfered at the current distance or angle settings.
Distance: Distance values for the chamfer are determined.
Angle: The chamfer is created based on one distance and an angle.
Trim: The Trim or No Trim modes are determined. When Trim mode is
active, the chamfered objects are trimmed to the start of the chamfer
lines. When No Trim mode is active, the chamfered objects are not
trimmed.
Method: This option is used to switch between the Distance or Angle
options.
Multiple: Multiple chamfers are created continuously without having to
restart the command.

Chamfer
To chamfer by specifying distance:
Click Home tab > Modify panel > Chamfer
Select chamber option: Distance.
Specify first chamfer distance and press Enter.
Specify second chamfer distance and press Enter.
Select first line to be chamfered.
Select second line to be chamfered.

Chamfer
To chamfer by specifying distance and angle:
Click Home tab > Modify panel > Chamfer
Select chamber option: Angle.
Specify chamfer distance on the first line and press Enter.
Specify chamfer angle from the first line and press Enter.
Select first line to be chamfered.
Select second line to be chamfered.

Chamfer
To chamfer an entire polyline:
Click Home tab > Modify panel > Chamfer
Select chamber option: Polyline.
Select 2D Polyline option: Distance.
Specify first chamfer distance and press Enter.
Specify second chamfer distance and press Enter.
Select object to be chamfered. Each and every intersection of the
selected polyline will be chamfered. Keep the first and second
chamfer distances equal for better results.

Fillet
Fillet command rounds and fillets the edges of the
selected objects. It connects the selected objects with
smoothly fitted arc of a specified radius.
Command access:
Ribbon: Home tab > Modify panel > Fillet
Command Line: fillet, f

Fillet
The Fillet command options:
Undo: The previous action of the Fillet command is reversed.
Polyline: All vertices of a polyline are fillet using the current radius
value.
Radius: Radius for the fillet arc is set.
Trim: The Trim or No Trim modes are determined. When Trim mode
is active, the lines are trimmed to be tangent with the fillet. If No Trim
mode is active, the lines are not trimmed but the fillet radius is drawn.
Multiple: Multiple fillets are created continuously without having to
restart the command.

Fillet
To fillet object by specifying radius:
Click Home tab > Modify panel > Fillet
Select Fillet option: Radius. Do verify other fillet settings and adjust
the options if necessary.
Specify fillet radius and press Enter.
Select the first object to be fillet.
Select the second object to be fillet.

Trim
Trim command involves shortening of lines or objects to
meet the edges of other objects, so that they end exactly
at the boundary edges defined by other objects.
Command access:
Ribbon: Home tab > Modify panel > Trim
Command Line: trim, tr

Trim
The Trim command options:
Fence: Objects that crossed the selection fence are selected. Fence is
temporary line segments specified with two or more fence points.
Crossing: Objects within and crossed a rectangular area defined by
two points are selected.
Project: Projection method (None, UCS, View) to be used for trimming
is determined.
Edge: Object is specified whether to be trimmed at another object's
extrapolated edge or only to an object that intersects it in 3D space.
Erase: Selected object is deleted without having to leave the Trim
command.
Undo: The most recent change made by Trim is reversed.

Trim
To trim objects:
Click Home tab > Modify panel > Trim
Select the objects to serve as cutting edges and then press Enter
or just press Enter without selecting any object. Pressing Enter
without selecting any object activates implied selection where all
objects become potential cutting edges.
Select all objects to be trimmed.
Press Enter to exit the command.

Extend
Extend command lengthens the lines to meet precisely
at the boundary edges of other objects.
Command access:
Ribbon: Home tab > Modify panel > Extend
Command Line: extend, ex

Extend
To extend objects:
Click Home tab > Modify panel > Extend
Select the objects to serve as boundary edges and then press
Enter or just press Enter without selecting any object. Pressing
Enter without selecting any object activates implied selection where
all objects become potential extension boundary edges.
Select all objects to be extended.
Press Enter to exit the command.

Layer
Layers are used to categorise objects in a drawing by
function, appearance or other commonalities. Similar
types of objects are logically grouped to the same layer.
Command access:
Ribbon: Home tab > Layers
Command Line: layer, la

Layer
Layer Properties Manager Dialog box

Layer
To create new layer:
Click Home tab > Layers panel > Layer Properties
In the Layer Properties Manager Dialog Box, click the New Layer
button to add new layer.
Specify a new name for the layer by typing over the highlighted
layer name.
Specify the settings and default properties of the new layer by
clicking on icons in each column.

Layer
To remove unused layer:
Click Home tab > Layers panel > Layer properties
In the Layer Properties Manager Dialog Box, highlight the selected
layer and click Delete Layer option. Current layer or layer with
objects cannot be removed.

Layer
To change layer property of selected objects:
Highlight the selected objects.
Right-click and select Properties from the shortcut menu.
In the Properties palette, click Layer.
From the drop down list, choose the layer that you want to assign
to the selected objects.
Click Close to exit Properties palette.

Layer
To match the layer setting between selected objects:
Click Home tab > Layers panel > Match
Select the objects that you wish to change to a different layer and
press Enter.
Select an object on the destination layer.

Layer
To display selected layers while turning off all other layers:
Click Home tab > Layers panel > Isolate
Select objects on the layers that you wish to isolate and press
Enter. All other layers will be turns off.

Layer
To make copy of object on a different layer:
Click Home tab > Layers panel > Copy Objects to New Layer
Select the objects that you wish to copy and press Enter.
Select an object on the destination layer.
Specify a base point.
Specify a second point for the location of the selected object on the
destination layer.

Purge
Purge command removes unused items from the
drawing such as blocks, groups, layers and linetypes.
Command access:
Menu: Application menu > Drawing Utilities > Purge
Command Line: purge, pu

Purge
Purge Dialog box

Purge
To purge unused objects (take Groups as example):
Click Application Menu > Drawing Utilities > Purge
From Name Objects, select View Items You Can Purge option.
Double-clicked Groups option to expand the tree view and select
the specified unreferenced groups to be purged.
You will be prompted to confirm each item in the list. If you do not
wish to confirm each purge, clear the Confirm Each Item To Be
Purged option.
Click Purge.

2.3 Create and Insert of Block

By the end of Section 2.3, you should be able to:

Create new block and wblock (written block).
Insert block into drawings.

Create Block
A block is essentially a block definition that includes the
block name, the block geometry, the location of the base
point to be used for aligning of the block and any other
associated attribute data. Blocks can be defined from
drawing geometry either in the Block Definition dialog box
or by using the Block Editor.

Create Block
To create Block in the current drawing:
Click Home Tab > Block Panel > Create
Provide a name for the new block in the Name Option in the Block
definition Dialog Box that popped up.
Click the Select Objects button or click the Specify-On-Screen to
use the pointing device to window the selected objects.
Click the Pick Point button or click the Specify-On-Screen to use
the pointing device to determine the insertion point.
Click OK to save the block in the drawing.

Create Block
Block Definition Dialog box

Create Block
Options in Block Definition Dialog Box are listed below:
Name: To name the new block. The block name and definition are saved
in the current drawing.
Base Point: To specify insertion base point for the new block.
Objects: To specify the objects to be included in the new block and
whether to retain or delete the selected objects or to convert them to a
block after you have created the block.
Behavior: To specify the behavior of the new block.
Settings: To specify block unit and hyperlink settings for the block.
Description: It displays the text description of the block shown in the
Name option.
Open in Block Editor: It opens the current block definition in the Block
Editor when you click OK.

Create Block
To insert a block, a block reference is created with its
location, scale, and rotation specified.
Whenever a block is created or inserted into a drawing,
all block information is stored in a table of definitions.
Every block inserted is actually a referenceto a block
definition.

Insert Block
To insert block defined in the current drawing:
Click Home Tab > Block Panel > Insert
From the Name option In the Insert Dialog Box, select the required
name from a list of block definitions available.
You may select Specify-On-Screen to use the pointing device to
specify the insertion point, scale and rotation or you may enter
values in the insertion point, scale and rotation boxes.
Select Explode option if you wish to insert the objects in the block
as individual objects instead if as a single block.

Insert Block
Insert Block Dialog box

Insert Block
To insert a drawing file as a block by dragging:
From Window Explorer or any folder, press and drag the selected
drawing file icon into the drawing area.
Release the button. You will be prompted for an insertion point.
Specify the insertion point, scale and rotation values.

Insert Block
To insert block using DesignCenter:
Click View Tab > Palettes Panel > DesignCenter
Click Tree View Toggle. In the tree view, navigate to the drawing that
contains the selected block definition.
Expand the list under the drawing.
Select Blocks option to display images of all block definitions in the
drawing.
Drag the selected block image into the current drawing to insert blocks
quickly and adjust their location or angle later.
Else, double-click the image of the selected block and specify the
exact placement, rotation and scale of the block as you insert the
block.

Insert Block
To change properties of Block Reference as you insert it:
Click View Tab > Palettes Panel > Properties
Click Home Tab > Block Panel > Insert
From the Name option In the Insert Dialog Box, select the required
name from a list of block definitions available.
Select Specify-On-Screen to use the pointing device to specify the
insertion point, scale and rotation.
Click OK.
In the Properties Palette, change the properties of the block
reference.

Insert Block
DesignCenter Dialog box

Thank you