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WCDMA Handovers: Soc Classification Level Presentation / Author / Date 1 © Nokia Siemens Networks
WCDMA Handovers: Soc Classification Level Presentation / Author / Date 1 © Nokia Siemens Networks
Handover types
Node B
Node B
Node B
Frequency
f1
Sector 1
f1
Sector 1
Sector 3
f1
Frequency
f1
Soft Handover
Sector 2
f1
Node B
Sector 3
Softer Handover
BTS
RNC
RNC
UMTS
Node B
Node B
GSM900/1800
Inter-System
Handover
Iur
Iub
Iub
Node B
Frequency
f1
Frequency
f2
Hard/Inter-Frequency Handover
Node B
Frequency
f1
Frequency
f1
Measurement Control
I am in the
RRC idle mode
UE
UTRAN
System Information
[BCCH]
SIB 3 & SIB 11
I am in the
CELL_FACH, CELL_PCH or
URA_PCH sub-state
UE
System Information
[BCCH]
UE
Node B
RNC
UTRAN
Measurement Control
[DCCH]
Node B
SIB 3 [4]: parameters for cell selection and re-selection [in the RRC connected
mode]
SIB 11 [12] : measurement control information [in the RRC connected mode]
read and valid: idle, CELL_FACH, CELL_PCH, URA_PCH.
(SIB 11/12 is also valid in the CELL_DCH.)
Soc Classification level
4
Nokia Siemens Networks
RNC
UTRAN
Node B
RNC
UE
RNC
UE
There is a
measurement
event!
UE
[RLC-UM/AM, DCCH] Measurement Report
RNC
Measurement Control
Measurement Control (
)
RNC
UE
UE IEs
Measurement IEs
Measurement Identity
Measurement Command
setup/modify/release
includes non-frequency
related cell info
PhyCH IEs
Measurement Type
Measurement
Events
Part II
Traffic Volume
Measurement
4A, 4B
Part
III
UE Internal
Measurements
Part
IV
Quality Measurements
5A
Part V
Intra-Frequency
Measurements
Part
VI
Inter-Frequency
Measurements
Part
VII
Inter-RAT Measurements
Soft Handover
HC supports the following measurement reporting events and features:
Event 1A: A primary CPICH enters the reporting range (Ncell addition)
Event 1B: A primary CPICH leaves the reporting range (Ncell deletion)
Event 1C: A non-active CPICH becomes better than an active primary CPICH
(Ncell replacement)
resources
Admission Control can reject the branch addition in case the maximum load is
achieved in DL (threshold + offset), valid both for RT and NRT bitrates.
Hard blocking may prevent branch addition
Ec/Io
P CPICH 1
P CPICH 2
AdditionWin
dow
1
2
P CPICH 3
time
AdditionTime
Measurement
Report
no
To the
AS?
RNC
AdditionReportingInterval
4
Cell 1
Cell 2
ACTIVE SET
UPDATE
Addition A-I
Core
Networ
k
RRC
RRC
RRC
RRC
Handov
er
Control
Admission
Control
RADIO LINK ADDITION
NBAP
REQUEST
NBAP RADIO LINK ADDITION RESPONSE NBAP
NBAP
ALCAP
ERQ
ALCAP
ALCAP
ECF
ALCAP
FP
Downlink Sync
FP
FP
Uplink Sync
FP
RRC
RRC
MEASUREMENT CONTROL
RRC
RRC
RRC
RRC
New Cell has been Added and Neighbour lists are updated
Soc Classification level
12
Nokia Siemens Networks
Strongest CPICH in AS
Ec/Io
P CPICH 1
2
P CPICH 2
DropWindow
1
P CPICH 3
3
time
DropTime
Measurement
Report
Soc Classification level
13
Nokia Siemens Networks
Remove
the
reported
cell from
the AS
SHO_e1b
BTS
UE
RNC
RRC: Measurement
Control
P CPICH 1
P CPICH 2
P CPICH 4
ReplacementWindow
P CPICH 3
weakest CPICH3 in AS
time
2
3
ReplacementTime
ReplacementReportingInterval
no
Measurement
Report
AS
update?
RNC
SHO_e1c
BTS
UE
RNC
NBAP:
Radio Link Deletion Request
RRC: Measurement
Control
Cell 2
Cell 1
Cell
5
Cell 9
Neighbour List
Cell 6:
Cell 2
Cell3
Cell 7
Cell 11
Cell 10
Cell 5
Soc Classification level
18
Nokia Siemens Networks
Cell 3
Cell 6
Cell
10
Neighbour List
Cell 7:
Cell 3
Cell4
Cell 8
Cell 12
Cell 11
Cell 6
Cell 4
Cell 7
Cell
11
Cell 8
Neighbour cells
defined only for
Cell 7
Cell
12
Cell 3
Cell 3
Cell11
Cell11
Neighbour cells
which are common
to Cell 6 and Cell 7
Neighbour cells
defined only for
Cell 6
Cell
Cell22
Cell7
Cell7
Cell
Cell10
10
Cell
Cell55
Cell
Cell44
Cell 8
Cell 8
Cell
Cell12
12
Cell
Cell66
Cell
Cell
Neighbourhood List
for Intra-frequency HOs
15 Combination
Cell 1
Cell
Cell22
Cell
Cell55
Cell
Cell77
Cell
Cell99
Cell
Cell
11
11
Cell
Cell
15
15
Cell
Cell
48
48
Cell
Cell44
Cell
Cell
41
41
Cell
Cell66
....
Step
Step11
...
...
Cell
Cell
43
43
15
Cell
Cell
21
21
Cell
Cell22
Cell
Cell77
Cell
Cell
37
37
Cell
Cell
51
51
Cell
Cell
49
49
Cell
Cell99
Cell
Cell
10
10
Cell
Cell
56
56
...
...
Cell
Cell
25
Neighbour
25 Cells
Lists
Step
Step44
Cell 1
Cell
Cell22
Cell
Cell33
Cell
Cell77
Step
Step22
Cell
Cell
11
11
Common to 3
Neighbour Lists
Cell
Cell
50
50
Cell
Cell99
Cell
Cell
13
13
Cell
Cell
10
10
Cell
Cell
22
22
...
...
Common to
2
Neighbour
Lists
Step
Step33
Cell
Cell
33
33
Neighbour Cells
defined for only 1
Neighbour list:
best Ec/No first
Cell2
Cell2
Cell
Cell77
Cell
9
Cell
Cell
Cell9
11
11
Cell
Cell
15
15
Cell
Cell
Cell
37
Cell
37
10
10
Cell
Cell
41
41
Cell
Cell
49
49
..
..
Cell
Cell
Max
32
Cells
Intersystem Handovers
3G 2G interworking
selection
Handover reasons are mainly based on coverage in WCDMA and
load in GSM
Compressed Mode is used in WCDMA for inter-RAT neighbour
measurements before handover decision
Service downgrade / upgrade might be needed during inter-RAT
handover
GSM to WCDMA initiated by the GSM radio network
WCDMA to GSM initiated by the WCDMA radio network (UTRAN)
Single-frame method
TGL
radio frame
radio frame
Double-frame method
TGL
radio frame
transmitted TSs: 8
Soc Classification level
24
Nokia Siemens Networks
radio frame
TGPL2
TGD
TGSN
TGD
TGL1
TGL2
TG Pattern 1
TG
Pattern 1
#1
TG
Pattern 1
#3
TG
Pattern 2
TG
Pattern 2
#4
#TGPRC
TGCNF
TG
TGPL
TGSN
TGL2
TG Pattern 2
TG
Pattern 2
#2
TGL1
Transmission Gap
Transmission Gap Pattern Length
Transmission Gap Starting slot Number
TGL
TGD
TGPRC
reasons
To measure GSM frequencies, 3G UE needs (a) dual
receiver or (b) Compressed Mode capability
BSIC verification
Methods for implementing CM are (i) High Layer
Scheduling (HLS), (ii) Spreading Factor Halving (SF/2)
GSM cell
meets HO condition ?
Yes
No
Is BSCI verification
required?
Yes
Initiate Handover
Cell 2
Cell 3
1E: HHoEcNoCancel
absolute
hreshold
1F: HHoEcNoThresh
time
RSSI
measuremen
TRSSI
ts
BSIC verification
TBSIC
Handover Decision
Inter System
Handover - I
MEASUREMENT CONTROL (DCCH)
RRC
Core
Networ
k
RRC
Reporting event 1f
triggers for first Cell
in Active set
MEASUREMENT REPORT (DCCH): Event 1f for first cell in Active
RRC
RRC
Set
Reporting event 1f
ISHO triggering
triggers for last Cell
in Active set
MEASUREMENT REPORT (DCCH): Event 1f for last cell in Active
RRC
RRC
Set
Decision to activate inter-RAT
measurements. Determination
of CM-pattern
RL
RECONFIGURATION
NBAP
NBAP
PREPARE
RL RECONFIGURATION
NBAP
NBAP
READY
Initial
NBAP
RL RECONFIGURATION COMIT
NBAP
RRC
RRC
RRC
RRC
COMPRESSED MODE
COMMAND (CFN, TGPSI2)
NBAP
NBAP
RRC
RRC
RRC
RRC
RRC
RRC
Compressed
Mode
Configuration
GSM RSSI
Measuremen
t
Inter System
Handover - II
NBAP
RRC
RRC
COMPRESSED MODE
COMMAND (CFN, TGSPI3)
NBAP
RRC
Handover Request
RELOCATION REQUIRED
BSSMAP
RANAP
BSSMAP
RANAP
Handover Request
RELOCATION COMMAND
Acknowledge
BSSMAP
RANAP
IU RELEASE COMMAND
Handover Detect
RANAP
BSSMAP
RANAP
RIL3-RR
IU RELEASE COMPLETE
RANAP
BSSMAP
NBAP
Handover Complete
BSSMAP
RRC
RIL3-RR
Handover Access
RIL3-RR
RANAP
BSSMAP
NBAP
NBAP
GSM BSIC
Identification
BSSMAP
RANAP
Handover Complete
A - Interface
RRC
RRC
RIL3-RR
Core
Core
Networ
Networ
kk
BSC
NBAP
ALCAP
RELEASE REQUEST
ALCAP
ALCAP
RELEASE RESPONSE
ALCAP
ALCAP
RELEASE REQUEST
ALCAP
ALCAP
RELEASE RESPONSE
ALCAP
Node
B
RNC
RRC: Measurement
Control
Reconfiguration
Commit
RRC: Physical Channel
Reconfiguration
CN
ISHO triggering
(5 reasons are
possible)
Initial
Compressed
Mode
Configuration
GSM RSSI
Measure
ment
GSM BSIC
Identificatio
nRANAP: Relocation
Required
RANAP: Relocation
Command
RANAP: IU Release
Command
RANAP: IU Release
Complete
call
Node
B
CN
RNC
RRC: Measurement
Control
Initial
Compressed
Mode
Configuration
In most cases BSIC verification is not required (data interrupt as UE moves to 2G)
PS makes use of RRC: CELL CHANGE ORDER FROM UTRAN message
Soc Classification level
36
Nokia Siemens Networks
Ec/No
Threshold,
AMR
Routes
Route 2
Route 4
Route 6
Total
EcNo
(IS-HO Success) % IS-HO
Threshold
/(Attempts)
success rate
-11
-12
-14
-11
-12
-14
-11
-12
-14
-11
-12
-14
12/12
12/12
3/9
7/9
8/9
7/9
13/16
13/16
9/20
32/37
33/37
19/38
100%
100%
33.3%
77.7%
88.8%
77.7%
81.25%
81.25%
45%
86.50%
89.20%
50%
IS-HO performance at
threshold values of 11 dB
and 12 dB is very similar.
Routes
Route 2
Route 3
Route 4
Route 6
Total
RSCP
Threshold,
AMR
RSCP
(IS-HO Success)
% IS-HO
Threshold
/(Attempts)
success rate
-105
-106
-107
-105
-106
-107
-105
-106
-107
-105
-106
-107
-105
-106
-107
9/9
9/9
8/9
10/10
14/15
11/15
8/9
8/9
6/9
21/25
16/20
-48/53
47/53
25/33
100%
100%
88%
100%
93.3%
73.3%
88%
88%
66%
84%
80%
-90.5%
88.7%
75.8%
IS-HO performance at
threshold values of 105
dB and 106 dB is very
similar.
2G -> 3G Handover
GSM high
loaded
WCDMA low
loaded
GSM
GSM
GSM
GSM
WCDMA
WCDMA
WCDMA
WCDMA
Load reason
handover
Soc Classification level
40
Nokia Siemens Networks
GSM
GSMcan
canbe
beused
usedto
toextend
extend
WCDMA
coverage
area
WCDMA coverage area
GSM
GSM
GSM
GSM
WCDMA
WCDMAcan
canbe
beused
used
to
relieve
GSM
overload
to relieve GSM overload
WCDMA
WCDMA
Mobile moving
GSM
GSM
GSM
GSM
Coverage reason
handover
Load reason
Speech
Speechto
toWCDMA
WCDMA
handovers
only
with
high
only with highGSM
GSMload
load
for speech
More
Morecapacity
capacity
for
speech
for speech
Packet
PacketData
Datato
toWCDMA
WCDMA
regardless
of
GSM
regardless of GSMload
load
Higher
Higherbit
bitrates
rates
for
data
users
for data users
80%
0%
Soc Classification level
41
Nokia Siemens Networks
Inter-RAT
Inter-RATmeasurements
measurementsstarts
startsin
incase
case
he
RXLEV
of
the
serving
cell
is
above
the RXLEV of the serving cell is aboveor
or
below
the
given
threshold
Qsearch_C,
below the given threshold Qsearch_C,
(threshold
(thresholdfor
forMulti-RAT
Multi-RATMS)
MS)
Handover
Handoverdecision
decisionisisdone
donein
incase
caseof
of
oad
of
the
serving
cell
>
load_Threshold
oad of the serving cell > load_Threshold
and
andCPICH
CPICHEc/No
Ec/No(MET)
(MET)>> Min
MinEc/No
Ec/No
threshold
threshold
MS
MSselects
selectsthe
thetarget
targetUTRAN
UTRANcell
cellbased
based
on
measurement
results
on measurement results
Handover
Handovercommand
commandisissend
sendto
toMSC
MSC