Coordinate

Measuring
Machine

By Aditya
Rajendra
(1JT14ME005)

 Introduction
Construction
Working Principle
Advantages &
Disadvantages
Applications

Introduction
Acoordinate measuring machine(CMM) is a
deviceformeasuringthe physical geometrical
characteristics of an object. Thismachinemay
be manually controlled by an operator or it may
be computer controlled.Measurementsare
defined by a probe attached to the third moving
axis of this machine.

Construction
Coordinate-measuring machines include three
main components:
The

main structure which include three axes of

motion.

Probing
Data

system

collection and reduction system - typically

includes a machine controller, desktop computer and
application software.

The material used to

construct the moving
frame has varied over
the years. Granite and
steel was used in the
early CMM's. Today all
the major CMM
manufacturers build
frames from aluminium
alloy or some derivative
and also use ceramic to
increase the stiffness for
scanning application.
The increasing trend

Working Principle
The CMM Consists mainly of four parts:
1.Main Structure
2.Probing Systems
3.Machine Control and Computer
Hardware
4.Software for 3D Analysis

Main Structure
The machine incorporates the basic concept of
three coordinate axes so that precise movement in
x, y, and z directions is possible. Each axis is fitted
with a linear measurement transducer. The
transducers sense the direction of movement and
gives digital display. Accordingly, there may be four
types of arrangement :

1.Cantilever
2.Bridge Type
3.Column Type
4.Gantry
5.Horizontal

Probing System :
It is the part of a CMM that sense
the different parameters required
for the calculation. Appropriate
probes have to be selected and
placed in the spindle of the CMM.
Originally, the probes were solid
or hard, such as tapered plugs
for locating holes. These probes
required manual manipulation to
establish contact with the
workpiece, at which time the
digital display was read.
Nowadays, transmission trigger-

Machine Control and

Computer
Hardware
The
control unit allows
manual measurement and
self teach programming in
addition to CNC operation.
The control unit is
microprocessor controlled.
Usually a joystick is provided
to activate the drive for
manual measurement.

are for Three-dimensional Geometry Analysis

In a CMM, the computer and the software are an inseparable part.
They together represent one system. The efficiency and cost
effectiveness of a CMM depend to a large extent on the software. The
features that the CMM software should include :
Measurement of diameter, center distances, lengths, geometrical
and form errors in prismatic components, etc.
Online statistics for statistical information in a batch.
Parameter programming to minimize CNC programming time of
similar parts.
Measurement of plane and spatial curves.
Data communications.
Digital input and output commands for process integration.
Program for the measurement of spur, helical, bevel and hypoid
gears.
Interface to CAD software.

Advantages and Disadvantages of CMM

Advantages:
1) High precision and accuracy.
2) Requires less labour.
3) Accurate dimensions can be obtained just by knowing the
coordinates and distance between thetworeferencepoints.
4) Robustness against external force and error accumulation.
Disadvantages:
1) The Coordinate measuring machines are very costly.
2) The CMMs are less portable.
3) If the operating software cracks down it is difficult to restart the
entire system.
4) It needs to construct some feature onits own as some parts of the
workpiece are unreachableby the probe

Applications
Methodology of the test : The

measurement of the unit was executed

for representation of statistical data from
coordinate measuring machine. The
inside diameter of nominal dimension
34H9 was subject to process variability
analysis. Diameter measurement
strategy was taken as measurement of
cylinder by 2 circles at sampling depth of
3 and 10 mm from the upper reference
plane. 20 measurements of diameters in
elements chosen at random from were
taken.The element measured on
coordinate measuring machine The
coordinate measuring machine used was
Wenzel LH54 equipped with touchtrigger

Thank You