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Apparel Quality Standards and Implementation
Apparel Quality Standards and Implementation
STANDARDS AND
IMPLEMENTATION
UNIT I
QUALITY STANDARDS
Standards
It is a document that has been
prepared, approved, and published
by
a
recognized
standards
organization, and contains rules,
requirements, or procedures for an
orderly approach to a specific
activity.
It may include product design
requirements,
test
methods,
classifications,
recommended
Precise Vs Accurate
Importance of Quality
Tough competition
Educated customer
Right specifications, Right Time,
Right Price
Every Time, First Time
Traditional Method
Manufacturing Cost + Profit = Selling Price
What customer expects is minimum Selling price
Desired Method
Selling Price = Manufacturing cost + Profit
Base for the system
Quality
Customer
Price
Inspection
Quality Control
with production
Ensures that bad things
will not happen
Responsibility of the
Inspection department
Every bodies
responsibility
Introduction to quality
standards
Quality standard is a documented
process intended to control work
resulting in a certain level of
excellence (quality).
The standards degree of control is a
basis for its selection for achieving
that level of quality.
Two basic types of standards:
voluntary consensus standards and
regulatory standards.
Company Standard
Industry Standard
Government Standard
Full consensus Standard
Benefits of Quality
standards
It defines safety requirements intended to
reduce the risk of accident.
It sets a level of performance for products.
They are a framework for quality processes.
It reduces cost and saves money.
Encapsulation of best practice - avoids
repetition of past mistakes.
It facilitates communication and prevents
misunderstanding.
They provide continuity.
Effective standardization
Standards allow a company to:
Attract and assure customers
Demonstrate market leadership
Create competitive advantage
Develop and maintain best practice.
Levels of Quality
Standards
Fitness for standard -inspection
oriented
-no
consciousness
to
customer/mkt
Fitness for use -Must satisfy customer
need for use -Hotel shampoo & body
oil
Fitness for market -Must achieve low
cost as well as 1 & 2
Fitness for latent requests -Listening
to the voice of the customer
Sources of Quality
Standards
AATCC
ASTM
ANSI
BSI
ISO
BIS
JIN
CSA
DIN
Others
AATCC
For e.g.
D5034-9 refers to standard test
method for Breaking strength and
elongation of Textile fabrics (Grab
test)
These methods are contained in
volumes of (ASTM book of Stds).
Vol.7.01,7.02 Contains textile testing
standards
British Standard
Institute
The
world's
first
management
systems quality standard, BS 5750,
was published by BSI in 1979.
It
produces
standards
and
information products that promote
and share best practice.
Over 30,000 BSI standards and
publications are created.
Structure of ISO
Bureau of Indian
Standards
It is a statutory body set up,
established in 1986.
The Bureau is a body corporate and
responsible for formulatingNational
Standards.
It interests the field of standardization,
quality control, quality management
system, environmental management
system, laboratory management, etc
BIS
It has formulated a plan which emphasizes on :
Development of complementary level of
standardization,
namely,
company
standardization
and
association
level
standardization - Effective implementation of
standards through sectoral committees, such
as, textiles, power, etc.
State Level Committees on Standardization
and Quality Systems to ensure better
implementation of Indian Standards.
JIN - Focus
It Focuses on,
General
Test and Inspection
Thread
Woven Fabric, Braided Goods Braided Goods
Textile Product
Yarn Reeling Machine
Textile Machine, Braiding Machine
Dyeing Finishing Machine
Canada Standard
Association
These
standards
fall
into
the
following
classifications:
Dimensional:
to
secure
uniformity,
interchangeability and simplification of the
types and sizes of one product.
Qualitative: to assess fitness for purpose.
Methods of test: to provide a uniform, efficient
and economic basis of comparison between
products.
Methods of use (Codes of Practice): to define
the correct application of methods, materials
and appliances.
Quality Control
A set of activities or techniques
whose purpose is to ensure that all
quality requirements are being met
by monitoring of processes and
solving
performance
problems
through Inspecting and Testing.
Features of ISO
standards
These are standards of system of
production
These are generic standards
These are practical standards
These are not product standards
These ensure consistency of product
quality
In this, mistakes are corrected in a
systematic way so chances of
repetition reduced.
Types of Quality
Quality
Quality
Quality
Quality
Quality
of
of
of
of
of
Design
Product
Process
Systems
Service
It reduces rejection/rework
It improves housekeeping
It increases morale of the company
It ensures Quality and after sales
service to customers
It improves team work
2. Good Leadership
A team of good leaders will establish
unity and direction quickly in a
business environment.
Their goal is to motivate everyone
working
on
the
project,
and
successful leaders will minimize
miscommunication
within
and
between departments.
Their role is intimately intertwined
with the next ISO 9000 principle.
3. Involvement of people
The inclusion of everyone on a business team is
critical to its success.
Involvement of substance will lead to a personal
investment in a project and in turn create
motivated, committed workers.
These people will tend towards innovation and
creativity, and utilize their full abilities to
complete a project.
If people have a vested interest in performance,
they will be eager to participate in the continual
improvement that ISO 900 facilitates.
5. Management system
approach
6. Continual Improvement
The importance of this principle is paramount,
and should a permanent objective of every
organization.
Through increased performance, a company can
increase profits and gain an advantage over
competitors.
If a whole business is dedicated to continual
improvement, improvement activities will be
aligned, leading to faster and more efficient
development.
Ready for improvement and change, businesses
will have the flexibility to react quickly to new
opportunities.
8. Supplier relationships
It is important to establish a mutually
beneficial supplier relationship; such a
relationship creates value for both parties.
A supplier that recognizes a mutually
beneficial relationship will be quick to
react when a business needs to respond
to customer needs or market changes.
Through close contact and interaction
with a supplier, both organizations will be
able to optimize resources and costs.
ISO 14001
ISO 14001 is the corner stone
standard of the ISO 14000 series.
It specifies a framework of control for
an
Environmental
Management
System
against
which
an
organization can be certified by a
third party.
BS EN ISO 14001
ISO 14001 was first published in 1996 and specifies
the actual requirements for an environmental
management system.
It applies to those environmental aspects which the
organization has control and over which it can be
expected to have an influence.
ISO 14001 is often seen as the corner stone
standard of the ISO 14000 series. However, it is not
only the most well known, but is the only ISO 14000
standard against which it is currently possible to be
certified by an external certification authority.
Having stated this, it does not itself state specific
environmental performance criteria.
Evolution of Quality
Management
Inspection: Selvage, sorting, grading,
blending,
corrective actions, identify sources of non-conformance
Quality Control: Develop quality manual, process
performance data, self-inspection, product testing, basic
quality planning, use of basic statistics, paperwork
control.
Quality Assurance: Quality systems development,
advanced quality planning, comprehensive quality
manuals, use of quality costs, involvement of nonproduction operations, failure mode and effects
analysis, SPC.
TQM: Policy deployment, involve supplier & customers,
involve
all
operations,
process
management,
performance
measurement, teamwork, employee
involvement.
Principles of TQM
Is Customer focused: Whatever you do for quality
improvement, remember that ONLY customers
determine the level of quality. Whatever you do to
foster quality improvement, training employees,
integrating quality into processes management,
ONLY customers determine whether your efforts
were worthwhile.
Insure
Total
Employee
Involvement:You must remove fear
from work place, then empower
employee.
you
provide
the
proper environment.
Process
Centered:Fundamental
part of TQM is to focus on process
thinking.
Integrated system: All employee
must know the business mission and
vision.
Strategic
and
systematic
Strategies to develop
TQM
TQM practices
Considering the practices of TQM as discussed in six
empirical studies; Cua, McKone, and Schroeder (2001)
identified,
the nine common TQM practices as:
cross-functional product design
process management
supplier quality management
customer involvement
information and feedback
committed leadership
strategic planning
cross-functional training
employee involvement
Eco-labeling
Ecolabels and Green Stickers are labelling systems for
food and consumer products.
Ecolabels are often voluntary, but green stickers are
mandated by law in North America for major appliances
and automobiles.
They are a form of sustainability measurement directed
at consumers, intended to make it easy to take
environmental concerns into account when shopping.
Some labels quantify pollution or energy consumption
by way of index scores or units of measurement;
others simply assert compliance with a set of practices
or minimum requirements for sustainability or
reduction of harm to the environment.
Oeko-Tex Standard 100
Product classes
The test costs depend on which of the four OekoTex product classes the product falls under
I = baby products (up to age three - 36 months)
II = products having skin contact (blouses, shirts,
underwear)
III = products having no skin contact (coats, lined
cloths)
IV = furnishings (table wear, funiture coverings,
curtains, textile flooring, mattresses)
The greater the contact with the skin, the more
stringent the requirements.
Certification
If all components of a textile comply with the
requirements of the Oeko-Tex criteria catalogue
without exception, the textile manufacturer
receives certification and is entitled to use the
Oeko-Tex label to mark the products in the shops.
The Oeko-Tex certificate is issued for a period of
one year and can be extended subject to further
successful testing.
In order to ensure ongoing compliance with the
test criteria, the authorised Oeko-Tex Institutes
carry out control tests every year on a minimum
of 15% of all certificates issued on Oeko-Tex
products available in the shops.
THE END