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Radicals Exps, Rational Exponents, Set of Complex Nos
Radicals Exps, Rational Exponents, Set of Complex Nos
The symbol
, called a radical sign, is used to designate the
nonnegative square root, which is called the principal square
root. The number under the radical sign is called the radicand,
and the entire expression, such as
, is referred to as a radical.
Definition 1:
if and only if
If n is an even positive integer, then a and b are both
nonnegative. If n is an odd positive integer greater than 1, then a
and b are both nonnegative or both negative. The symbol
designates the principal root.
To complete our terminology, the n in the radical
is called the
index of the radical. If n = 2 we commonly write
Examples
Definition 2:
if
and
Examples
Examples
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
Definition 3:
if
and c is not equal to 0.
and
Example
1)
2)
3)
4)
Examples
1)
4)
2)
3)
5)
Examples:
1)
2)
3)
4)
Relationship between
exponents and roots
Definition 4:
If b is a real number, n is a positive integer greater
than 1, and
exists, then
Example
1)
2)
3)
4)
Definition 5:
If m/n is a rational number expressed in lowest terms,
where n is a positive integer greater than 1, and m is
any integer, and if b is a real number such that
exists, then
Example
1)
2)
Example
1) 7)
2) 8)
3)
4) 9)
5)
6)
Example
Example
1) 5)
2) 6)
3)
4)
Complex Numbers
There are some very simple equations that do not have solutions
if we restrict ourselves to the set of real numbers. For example,
equation x^2 +1 = 0 has no solutions among the real numbers.
Definition 6
A complex number is any number that can be
expressed in the form a + bi
where a and b are real numbers, and i is the
imaginary
The a + bi isunit.
called the standard form of a complex number.
Examples:
1)(4+3i) + (5+9i)
2)(-6 + 4i) + (8-7i)
3)
4)
Example
1)
2)
3)
where
b is any positive real number.
Examples:
1)
2)
3)
Correct
Incorrect
To avoid difficulty with this idea, you should rewrite all
expressions of the form
, where b>0, in the form
before doing any computations.
Example
1) 6)
2)
3)
4)
5)
Examples:
1) (2+ 3i)(4+5i)
2)
3)
The complex number 2+3i and 2-3i are called conjugates of each
other. In general, the two complex numbers a + bi and a bi are
called conjugates of each other, and the product of a complex
number and its conjugate is a real number. This can be shown as
follows:
Examples:
1) 3i / (5+2i)
2) (2 3i)/(4-7i)
3) (4-5i)/2i