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Sarah Young Delivering Sustainable Bioenergy
Sarah Young Delivering Sustainable Bioenergy
Bioenergy
Presentation
by
Sarah Young
Land Use Consultants
17th April 2007
Outline of presentation
1.
What is bioenergy?
2.
3.
4.
5.
1. What is bioenergy?
Bioenergy is the inclusive term for all forms of biomass and biofuels
Biomass: refers to the use of biodegradable matter as a source of
renewable heat or electricity
Biofuels: are renewable transport fuels including:
Bioethanol
Biodiesel
Biogas
Biobutanol
SRC plantation
Miscanthus
Straw, waste wood and woodfuel have the greatest immediate potential to
contribute to renewable heat and power
Perennial Grasses
Waste
Conventional Crops
Transport
Perennial Grasses
Waste
Conventional Crops
Transport
Electricity Generation
Grid Electricity
Electricity from miscanthus
84%
84%
86%
59%
93%
Source: Defra from: Carbon and energy balances for a range of biofuels options, Sheffield Hallam University (2003);
and WTW evaluation for production of ethanol from wheat, Low Carbon Vehicle Partnership, (2004),
Transport Fuels
53%
38 -57%
Biodiesel from
recycled vegetable
oil
85%
Second generation
diesel
94%
49-67%
7-77%
54%
32-64%
The most carbon efficient conversion technologies are those that produce
heat or CHP directly from the energy crop rather than those that produce
electricity
Range of impacts both positive and negative that arise from use of
bioenergy
Focus on:
Wood based fuels:
short rotation coppice (SRC)
short rotation forestry (SRF)
forest residues and low grade timber
Not covering..
Perennial grass crops
Conventional annual crops
Waste
Landscape
Threats
Opportunities
change in landscape
character
obscure landscape
features
increase abundance/diversity
ground flora farmland bird
species and invertebrates
provide habitat for small
mammals
buffer woodlands and vulnerable
habitats
Biodiversity
Water
Soil
soil compaction
Archaeology
damage archaeological
sites and deposits
Benefits:
biodiversity, landscape
biodiversity, landscape
reduce CO2
coppice cyclically
biodiversity, landscape
Dont:
Impacts:
biodiversity, landscape
biodiversity
biodiversity
well-being
heritage
Landscape
Threats
Opportunities
Biodiversity
Water
Soil
Archaeology
Benefits:
biodiversity, landscape
biodiversity
biodiversity, landscape
harvest cyclically
biodiversity, landscape
Dont:
Impacts:
biodiversity, landscape
biodiversity
release CO2
heritage
Landscape
Threats
Opportunities
depletion of nutrients
deprivation of food and
habitat for small
invertebrates,
invertebrates, fungi
and bats etc
inadequate
regeneration following
cutting due to deer
Biodiversity
Threats
Water
Soil
Archaeology
Opportunities
Benefits:
biodiversity, soils
biodiversity
biodiversity, landscape
Dont:
Impacts:
extract deadwood
biodiversity
biodiversity, soil
Conclusions