Sara,Eeshan,Indepal,Thea,Maham

Instatistics, ahistogramis a graphical

representation of thedistributionof data. It is an
estimate of theprobabilitydistributionof a
continuous variableand was first introduced by
Karl Pearson.[1]A histogram is a representation of
tabulatedfrequencies, shown as adjacentrectangles,
erected over discrete intervals (bins), with an area
proportional to the frequency of the observations in
the interval. The height of a rectangle is also equal to
the frequency density of the interval, i.e., the
frequency divided by the width of the interval The
total area of the histogram is equal to the number of
data. A histogram may also benormalizeddisplaying

The first step is find the highest and lowest data value
in the set of data. From these numbers therangecan
be computed by subtracting the minimum value from
the maximum value. There is no set rule, but as a
rough guide the range should be divided by five for
small sets of data and 20 for larger sets. These
numbers will give aclasswidth or bin width. We may
need to round this number and/or use some common
sense.
Once the class width is determined, we choose a class
that will include the minimum data value. We then use
our class width to produce subsequent classes,

Frequency Tables
Now that we have determined our classes, the next
step is to make a table of frequencies. Begin with a
column that lists the classes in increasing order. The
next column should have atallyfor each of the
classes. The third column is for the count or frequency
of data in each class. The final column is for the
relative frequency of each class. This indicates what
proportion of the data is in that particular class.
Drawing the Histogram
Now that we have organized our data by classes, we
are ready to draw our histogram.
Draw a horizontal line. This will be where we denote

This will be where we denote our classes.

Place evenly spaced marks along this line that
correspond to the classes.
Label the marks so that the scale is clear and give a
name to the horizontal axis.
Draw a vertical line just to the left of the lowest class.
Choose a scale for the vertical axis that will
accommodate the class with the highest frequency.
Label the marks so that the scale is clear and give a
name to the vertical axis.
Construct bars for each class. The height of each bar

The weekly pocket expences in rupees of 30

students are given below:
62,80,110,75,84,73,60,62,100,87,78,94
117,86,85.68,90,80,118,72,113,96,64,94,87,8
5,115 contruct a frequency table and
represent it in a histogram.

No. of
students

Frequency

Tally Mark

60 - 70

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70 80

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80 - 90

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ll

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90 - 100
100 -110
110 - 120