Outlines

What is Multiple Access & Why?

Review Of Multiple Access
What is CDMA?
Disadvantage of CDMA
IDMA introduction.
Interleaving principle
Types of Interleaver
IDMA Structure
IDMA Vs CDMA
Features of IDMA
Future Enhancement
References

MULTIPLE ACCESS(MA)

General wireless cellular systems are multi-users

systems.

Multiple

access techniques are used to allow a large

number of mobile users to share the allocated
spectrum in the most efficient manner.

Following multiple access techniques are using this

approaches
1.
2.
3.

FDMA
TDMA
CDMA

FREQUENCY DIVISION MULTIPLE ACCESS

In

FDMA entire band of frequency is divided

into number of RF channel.
Individual channel are assign to individual user
and each user is allocated a unique frequency
band or channel.

TIME DIVISION MULTIPLE ACCESS

In

TDMA System divide the radio spectrum into

time slots and in one slot only one user is
allocated to transmit or receive.

CODE DIVISION MULTIPLE ACCESS

CDMA is

a method in which users occupy the

same time and frequency allocations, and are
channelized by unique assigned codes.
Narrowband message signal multiplied by
wideband spreading signal, or code word.
CDMA is a spread spectrum.

CDMA TRANSMITTER

GENERATION OF SPREADING SEQUENCE

Following

technique to be used for the

spreading sequence generation.

LFSR
WALSH

CODE

LINEAR FEEDBACK SHIFT REGISTER

WALSH CODE

DISADVANTAGES OF CDMA
The

performance is mainly limited by multiple

access interference (MAI) and inter symbol
interference (ISI).
Processing gain is reduced considerably with
increment in users per sector.
The complexity of decoder increases with
increment in user count
Requirement of very precise power control,
powerful multi-user detection, requirement of
RAKE receiver, and costly sectorized antennas,
becomes highly desirable

 To

overcome these disadvantages Recently, a

new variant of CDMA scheme known as
interleave-division multiple-access (IDMA)
scheme has evolved on the horizon of wireless
communication .

INTERLEAVE DIVISION MULTIPLE

ACCESS(IDMA)
It is a multiple access technique in which
Interleaver are used as the only means of user
separation.

INTERLEAVING

Interleaving is a process of rearranging the

ordering of a data sequence in a one to one
deterministic format.
Interleaving is the only means to separate the
layers/users.

INTERLEAVING PRINCIPLE
Let

C= [c0, c1 ,...... cN-1 ] be a sequence of length N.

An interleaver maps C onto a sequence such that X is a
permutation of the elements of C.
Considering C and X as a pair of N-dimensional vectors,
there is one-to-one correspondence between each
element of C and each element of X, as shown in Figure

TYPES OF INTERLEAVERS

Random
Master
Tree

Interleavers

Random Interleavers

Based Interleavers

Prime

Interleavers

COMPARISON OF INTERLEAVER

IDMA SCHEME TRANSMITTER

IDMA VS CDMA SCHEME

FEATURES OF IDMA SCHEME

Low

receiver cost,

Simple

treatment of ISI,

Cross-cell
Diversity

interference mitigation,

against fading,

High

power efficiency

High

spectral efficiency

FUTURE ENHANCEMENT
Idma

scheme used not only in cellular

communication but also in under water
communication.

Idma

is fourth generation(4g) research. Some more

researches are under process for making the data
transmission efficient.

Open the new path for future optical communication

with idma scheme incorporated with tree based
interleavers.

Thank You