Professional Documents
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Characteristics of Abnormal Behavior
Characteristics of Abnormal Behavior
Abnormal Behavior
Myths and
Misconceptions
Myth: Once people have a mental
disorder, they will always have it.
Fact: Most people can be successfully
treated for a mental disorder
Defining abnormal
behavior
Definition
Insanity
Definition
Abnormal
is:
Deviant different from what is
Theoretical approaches to
psychological disorders
Biological Approach
This
attributes psychological
disorders to organic, internal causes.
It is evident in the medical model,
which describes psychological
disorders as medical diseases with a
biological origin
Biological Approach
Biological
views on psychological
disorders:
Structural views- abnormalities in the
Psychological Approach
Psychodynamic
Psychological Approach
Humanistic
perspective- This
emphasizes a capacity for growth,
freedom to choose ones own
destiny, and positive personal
qualities
Sociocultural Approach
The
Sociocultural Approach
Women
Sociocultural Approach
Disorder
Culture
Description/Charact
eristics
Amok
Malaysia, Philippines,
Africa
Anorexia Nervosa
Western cultures
(esp. United States)
Classifying abnormal
behavior
DSM-V Classification
System
TheDiagnostic
and Statistical
Manual of Mental Disorders,
Fifth Edition(DSM-5) is the 2013
update to the American Psychiatric
Associations (APA) classification and
diagnostic tool.
DSM-V Classification
System
Section
DSM-5: Section II
1. Neurodevelopmental disorders
- are impairments of the growth and
development of the brain orcentral
nervous system. A narrower use of
the term refers to a disorder ofbrain
function that
affectsemotion,learning ability,selfcontrolandmemoryand that unfolds
as the individualgrows
DSM-5: Section II
Includes:
Intellectual disability (ID)
Communication disorders
Autism spectrum disorders
Motor disorders
DSM-5: Section II
2. Schizophrenia spectrum and
other psychotic disorders - are
defined by abnormalities in one or
more of the following five domains:
delusions, hallucinations,
disorganized thinking (speech),
grossly disorganized or abnormal
motor behavior (including catatonia),
and negative symptoms
DSM-5: Section II
Includes:
Schizophrenia
Schizoaffective disorder
Delusional disorder
Catatonia
DSM-5: Section II
3. Bipolar and related disorders
includes:
Bipolar I disorder
Bipolar II disorder
Cyclothymic disorder
Other specified bipolar and related
disorder
DSM-5: Section II
4. Depressive disorders- are
characterized by sadness severe
enough or persistent enough to
interfere with function and often by
decreased interest or pleasure in
activities.
DSM-5: Section II
Includes:
Major depressive disorder (often called major
depression)
Persistent depressive disorder (dysthymia)
Other specified or unspecified depressive
disorder
Premenstrual dysphoric disorder
Depressive disorder due to another medical
condition
Substance/medication-induced depressive
disorder
DSM-5: Section II
5. Anxiety disorders - characterized
by feelings
ofanxietyandfear,where anxiety is
a worry about future events and fear
is a reaction to current events
DSM-5: Section II
Includes:
Generalized anxiety disorder
Phobias
Panic disorder
Separation anxiety
Social anxiety
Selective mutism
DSM-5: Section II
6. Obsessive-compulsive and
related disorders- includes:
obsessive-compulsive disorder
(OCD)
body dysmorphic disorder (BDD)
hoarding disorder
trichotillomania (hair-pulling
disorder)
excoriation (skin-picking) disorder
DSM-5: Section II
7. Trauma- and stressor-related
disorders- disorders in which
exposure to a traumatic or stressful
event is listed explicitly as a
diagnostic criterion
DSM-5: Section II
includes:
attachment disorder
disinhibited social engagement
disorder
posttraumatic stress
disorder(PTSD)
acute stress disorder
adjustment disorder
DSM-5: Section II
8. Dissociative disorders- involve a
sudden loss of memory or change of
identity.
Includes:
Dissociative amnesia
Dissociative identity disorder
Depersonalization/derealization disorder
DSM-5: Section II
9. Somatic symptom and related
disorders- They occur when
psychological symptoms take a physical
form even though no physical causes can
be found
Includes:
somatic symptom disorder
illness anxiety disorder
conversion disorder (functional neurological
symptom disorder)
factitious disorder
DSM-5: Section II
10. Feeding and eating disorderscharacterized by a persistent
disturbance of eating or eatingrelated behavior that results in the
altered consumption or absorption of
food and that significantly impairs
physical health or psychosocial
functioning
DSM-5: Section II
Includes:
pica
rumination disorder
avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder
anorexia nervosa
bulimia nervosa
binge-eating disorder
DSM-5: Section II
11. Sleep-wake disordersIndividuals with these disorders
typically present with sleep-wake
complaints of dissatisfaction
regarding the quality, timing, and
amount of sleep. Resulting daytime
distress and impairment are core
features shared by all of these sleepwake disorders.
DSM-5: Section II
Includes:
insomnia disorder
hypersomnolence disorder
Narcolepsy
circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders
nightmare disorder
DSM-5: Section II
12. Sexual dysfunction- difficulty
experienced by an individual or a
couple during any stage of a
normalsexual activity, including
physical
pleasure,desire,preference,arousal
ororgasm
DSM-5: Section II
13. Gender dysphoria- describes
people who experience
significantdysphoria (distress) with
thesexandgenderthey
wereassigned at birth
DSM-5: Section II
14. Disruptive, impulse-control,
and conduct disorders- include
conditions involving problems in the
self-control of emotions and behaviors.
Includes:
Conduct disorder
Impulse-control disorder
Pyromania
Kleptomania
Intermittent explosive disorder
DSM-5: Section II
15. Substance-related and
addictive disorders- encompass
10 separate classes of drugs:
alcohol;
caffeine;
cannabis;
hallucinogens (with separate categories
DSM-5: Section II
opioids;
sedatives, hypnotics, and anxiolytics;
stimulants (amphetamine-type
DSM-5: Section II
16. Neurocognitive disordersthose in which impaired cognition
has not been present since birth or
very early life, and thus represents a
decline from a previously attained
level of functioning
Includes:
Major or mild NCD
DSM-5: Section II
17. Paraphilic disorders- requires
both the presence of a paraphilic
urges and the existence of distress,
dysfunction, and/or acting on the
urges (as described in more detail
later in this introduction).
DSM-5: Section II
Includes:
voyeuristic,
exhibitionistic,
frotteuristic,
sexual masochism,
sexual sadism,
pedophilic,
fetishistic, and
transvestic disorders
DSM-5: Section II
18. Personality disorders-are a
class ofmental
disorderscharacterized by enduring
maladaptive patterns of behavior,
cognition, and inner experience,
exhibited across many contexts and
deviating markedly from those
accepted by the individual's culture
DSM-5: Section II
Includes:
Paranoid personality disorder
Schizoid personality disorder
Schizotypal personality disorder
Antisocial personality disorder
Borderline personality disorder
Histrionic personality disorder
Narcissistic personality disorder
Avoidant personality disorder
Dependent personality disorder
Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder