Earth work

Equipment.

Different
types of
earth work
equipment:

1.Wheel loaders.
2.Backhoes
3.Excavators
4.Scrapers
5.Motor graders
6.Rollers
7.Dump trucks.

Wheel loader:
A loader (also known as:
bucket/
frontend/pay/scoop/skip/wh
eel loader and or shovel.) is
a type of tractor, usually
wheeled, sometimes on
tracks, that has a front
mounted square wide
bucket connected to the end
of two booms (arms) to
scoop up loose material
from the ground, such as
dirt, sand or gravel, and
move it from one place to

backhoe attachment is
Back hoes:The
used to dig up hard material
and is often used to dig
trenches. It is hinged in three
places, making it resemble
an arm: a shoulder joint
attached to the tractor, an
elbow sticking up in the air,
and a wrist, where a
relatively narrow bucket is
attached. The bucket is
extended away from the
tractor, lowered, and filled by
draggingtowardthe tractor -then raised and moved to the
side before being dumped.
Extending and raising a

Scrapers:

In engineering, machine for

moving earth over short
distances (up to about two
miles) over relatively smooth
areas. Either self-propelled or
towed, it consists of
awagonwith a gate having a
bladed bottom. The blade
scrapes up earth as
thewagonpushes forward and
forces the excavated material
into the wagon. When the
wagon is filled, the gate is
closed, and the material is
carried to the place of disposal.
Thescraperis the dominant

Excavators:

Excavators are machines with

multiple uses. They are primarily
used for digging, demolition, forestry
work, grading, landscaping, heavy
lifting, and brush cutting. The
important features on these heavy
pieces of equipment are hydraulic
powered motors or rams, sealed cab
on rotating platform, head
attachments (such as a bucket),
which are used for different
purposes. These attachments can
change the functionality of the
machine instantly from a trench
digger to a logger. The rotating
platform adds convenience for other
machinery. For example a dump
truck can be located directly behind
the excavator and it can still easily
deposit material by swinging around
on a 180 degree pivot.

Motor grader:

Agrader, also commonly referred

to as aroad grader, ablade,
amaintainer, or amotor grader,
is a construction machine with a
long blade used to create a flat
surface. Typical models have
threeaxles with the engine and
cabsituated above the rear axles
at one end of the vehicle and a
third axle at the front end of the
vehicle, with the blade in
between. Some construction
personnel refer to the entire
machine as "the blade."
Incivil engineering, the grader's
purpose is to "finish grade"
(refine, set precisely) the "rough
grading" performed by heavy
equipment or engineering
vehicles such asscrapersand bull
dozers

Rollers:

Rollers are machines used in the

compaction of soils after grading.
Compaction reduces the volume of
air space in the soil. This compaction
increases the dry unit weight and
strength of the soil to better support
structures. This is a very important
step, and there are various tools to
complete this task. Rollers complete
compaction using various methods:
Pressure, Impact, Vibration, and
Manipulation.

A sheep foot roller has almost

hoof like structures
protruding from a roller to
offer pinpoint pressure as in a
herd of sheep was walking
across the field. It offers a
typical pressure value of
500lb/in^2
Sheep

foot roller

A Vibratory roller is a heavy machine

similar to a sheep foot or tamping
roller but adds vibration. It utilizes
eccentric(alternating) weights and
other methods to produce a vibration
as it drops them against the soil with
a typical frequency of 1000-3500
cycles, vibrating the soil to
compaction. Vibration is usually
more effective in sandy and gravelly
soils. Can
be effective up to 2m.
Vibratory

roller

Dump trucks:
Dump Trucks - used instead
of scrapers when the soil is
being excavated by
loaders. Most can travel
over public highways, and
move faster than scrapers

Thank you