Data Model

Data model and its introduction

S B Mirza1314
G C University FSD
introduction
• “A representation of a real world process
device or concept is known as model”.
• A data model is a collection of concepts
that can be used to describe the structure
of a database.
Purpose of data Model
• The purpose of Data Modeling is to aid the
understanding of the data and its
semantics.
• Data model represent data and make data
more understandable.
• Data modeling allows independent
analysis of the data.
Parts of data model
• Data model consist of three parts
• A Structural part
• A manipulating part
• A set of integrity rules
Categories of data model
• The data model can be categorized into
• Conceptual data model
• Physical data model
• Record-based data model
Conceptual Data Model
• It is also known as high level data model.
• Conceptual data model provide the
permanent structure of data resource of
organization.
• These model use concept such as entities,
attributes, and relationship between them.
Physical data model

• Physical data model is also known as low-

level data model.
• These models provide concepts that
describe the details of how data is stored
in the computer.
Record –based data model
• It is also known as implementation data model.
• These model represent data by using record
structure it is because these are known as
record based model.
• These are between conceptual data models and
physical data models.
Types of record-based data model

• There are three main types of these

models.
1. Hierarchical data model
2. Relational data model
3. Network data model
Hierarchical Databases/data
model:

• It operates on the principle that a record

will contain groups of similar objects.
• Most hierarchical databases support the
concept of repeating groups .
Diagram
Many-to-many relationships

• The most significant limitation in a

hierarchical database structure is the
inability to support many-to-many
relationships.
• An item has more than one manufacturer,
because we can make the manufacturer a
repeating group.
Relational Databases:

• it is a common alternative to the

hierarchical databases.

• In a relational database, different data

groups are separated into their own
databases. These databases are linked via
complex query statements.
Diagram
Disadvantages of Relational data
model:
• In a relational database , four databases
must be opened, which will take long
time.
• Complexity of databases.
• Slow speed.
Network data model
• it is a model conceived as a flexible way
of representing objects and their
relationships.
• Its distinguishing feature is that, it viewed
as a graph in which object types are
nodes and relationship types are arcs.
 Network data model
• Diagram university

Math dept Computer dept

Comptr lab
Lib
Network data model
• In a network data model there is no
distinction between parent and child
record types as in hierarchical model.