INTRODUCTION TO

RADIOLOGY
As Clinical Anatomy

WHAT IS RADIOLOGY?

Medical specialty that

supervises and
interprets imaging
studies.

Reports findings

to
referring physicians.

RADIOLOGIST ROLE
Separate:

Normal from Abnormal

Characterize / Describe:
Determine:
Suggest:

Abnormality

Extent (stage) of disease

Diagnosis / Differential

Recommend:

Further exams / follow-up

3

X-RAY
Discovered and named by

Dr. W. C. Rentgen at
University of Wrzburg,
1895
Awarded first Nobel prize

for physics, 1901

Did not patent invention

4

PROJECTION
-VSTOMOGRAPHIC IMAGE

FOOT
AP PROJECTION
(ANTERIOR - POSTERIOR)

RT

LATERAL FOOT

TOMOGRAPHIC IMAGES
ARE
IN A SPECIFIC PLANE

AXIAL

RT

CORONAL

SAGITTAL

RT

CT- HEAD
RT

CT REFERENCE FILM
Skull / brain

RADIOLOGY TOOLS
X- RAY
ULTRASOUND
NUCLEAR MEDICINE
MAGNETIC RESONANCE
COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY

10

HOW IS IMAGING DONE?

IONIZING RADIATION
X-ray, CT, Nuclear Medicine

SOUND WAVES

Ultrasound
MAGNETIC FIELDS / RADIO

WAVES
Magnetic Resonance
11

X- RAY
High Energy Photon

--Kilo Electron Volts

Ionizing Radiation
Exposes Film / Detector
Projection Data

12

X-RAYS
PLAIN FILM RADIOGRAPHY

Chest
Mammography
Abdomen
Spine
Extremities & Joints
Skull

13

X - RAY --- FOUR BASIC DENSITIES

Air
Soft Tissue
Fat
Bone

14

CONTRAST RADIOGRAPHY
Injection, ingestion, or other placement

of opaque material within the body.

Improves visualization and tissue

separation.
Can demonstrate functional anatomy

and pathology.

15

UPPER GI--(GASTRO INTESTINAL)

STOMACH

ORAL BARIUM CONTRAST

WITHOUT CONTRAST-plain or
scout film

COLON

BARIUM ENEMA
RECTAL BARIUM CONTRAST

16

INTRAVENOUS PYELOGRAM IVP

INTRAVENOUS IODINE CONTRAST

WITHOUT CONTRAST-plain or
scout film

ARTERIOGRAM
INTRAARTERIAL IODINE CONTRAST
17

COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY
HIGH ENERGY PHOTON
IONIZING RADIATION
EXPOSES DETECTOR
TOMOGRAPHIC DATA

18

CT EXAMPLE

SC
A

NL

EV
EL

RT

NUCLEAR MEDICINE

High Energy Photon

Ionizing Radiation

--Radiopharmaceutical
Exposes Detector
Projection Data
Dynamic / Physiologic

20

NUCLEAR MEDICINE
EXAMPLES

Bone

Hepatobiliary

Renal
21

ULTRASOUND
Sound Wave - high

Frequency
No Ionizing Radiation
Transmitter / Receiver
Tomographic Data

22

ULTRASOUND
EXAMPLES

Gallbladder

Kidney

Obstetrics

23

MAGNETIC RESONANCE

Hydrogen Protons In

a Magnetic Field
Radio Wave Signal

Transmission
No Ionizing Radiation
Tomographic Data
24

MAGNETIC
RESONANCE

RT

EXAMPLES

Brain

Spine

Knee
25

RADIOLOGY
EVALUATION

Multiple Choice - Identify

Labeled Images

From Digital Film Sets

And
Lecture Images

26

HOSPITAL LINGO
You will hear and see these abbreviations used
frequently in the
medical community.

X- Ray

Plain Film

Scout Film

Computed Tomography
Nuclear Medicine
Ultrasound

Sono

Magnetic Resonance

Radiograph

Cat Scan

CT

Nuc Med
Sonogram
MR

MRI
27

SUMMARY

TOMOGRAPHY- VS- PROJECTION IMAGES

SECTION PLANES
AXIAL
CORONAL
SAGITTAL

IMAGE GENERATION OF:

Nuclear Medicine
Computed Tomography
Ultrasound
X-ray
Magnetic Resonance

28

OH THE
MANY USES
OF

NUC MED STUDY OF A HORSES _____!

KING TUT

MODERN IMAGING?
29

30