Rizki Ananda Ramadhan, M.

Han

Public
Diplomacy

Definisi
Proponen

Definisi

Signitzer and Coombs

a way, with which the government and the private

individuals and groups can directly or indirectly influence
those public opinions and positions, which directly
influence the foreign politics decisions of another
government

Manheim

government to people (government - public) diplomatic

activity, which includes government efforts to influence
the public and elite opinion in another country and
through this also the foreign policy activities of a target
country

Paul Sharp

the process by which direct relations with people in a

country are pursued to advance the interests and extend
the values of those being represented

Hans Tuch

a governments process of communicating with foreign

publics in an attempt to bring about understanding for its
nations ideas and ideals, its institutions and culture, as
well as its national goals and policies

Public diplomacy should distinguish itself from the traditional

diplomacy in the fact that it includes interaction not only with
the governments, but especially with nongovernmental
individuals and organizations (Murrow, 1963)

Perspectives on Public
Diplomacy
Hans Tuch
Is not uniquely as state activity
Aimed at foreign publics, and strategies for
dealing with such publics should be
distinguished from the domestic socialization of
diplomacy.
Portrayed as a one-way information flow, and
at best one in two directions, but essentially
aimed at relaying positive aspects of a country
to foreign publics

Public Diplomacy and

Related Concepts
Propaganda
Opposite of Secret Diplomacy
Extension of Traditional Diplomacy
Nation Branding or Re-branding
Related with domestic/international
public
Public lobbying
Cultural relations
Enactment of events for the media

Public Diplomacy as
Modern Diplomacy
FACTORS

POINT OF CHANGE

Actors

Addition to traditional diplomatic agents (governments,

authorized representatives) others are also active- media,
nongovernmental organizations, economic subjects, individuals,
etc

Level of channels
and work methods

The traditional diplomatic channels and work methods are

importantly complemented by the use of modem media

Level of content
and mission

Public diplomacy is not only acting out its national foreign

politics, but is in the modem international relations dealing also
with the actual global questions, while partially also in a function
of advancing the economy, encouraging cultural understanding,
development of cooperation with the civil society, etc.

The Evolution of Public

Diplomacy
Listening
(collecting)

Advocacy
(Promote)

Cultural
Diplomacy
(Using its
culture)

Psychological
Warfare
(Aggressive)

International
Broadcasting

Exchange

The Old and New Public

Diplomacy