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Concepts of Infection Prevention and Control
Concepts of Infection Prevention and Control
Infection
Prevention and
Control
Objectives
To identify fundamental concepts of epidemiology
and microbiology as they relate to Infection
Prevention and Control
Understand the causes of the spread of infection in
health-care settings
Content
Define infection prevention and control
The chain of infection
Causes of the spread of infection in health-care
settings
Areas of risk to the host
Nosocomial Infections
Frequency of nosocomial infection
Impact of nosocomial infections,
Criteria of nosocomial infection
Strategies for prevention
Defining Infection
Prevention and Control
Infection control is a discipline that applies
epidemiologic and scientific principles and
statistical analysis to the prevention or reduction
in rates of nosocomial infection (hospital acquired
infection)
The aim to ensure the protection of those who
might be vulnerable to acquiring an infection
Definitions
Infection- The invasion and multiplication of
microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, and
parasites that are not normally present within the
body.
Note: Microorganisms that live naturally in the
body are not considered infections.
Definitions
Infectious
1. Caused by infection or capable of causing
infection (a patient can pass an infection to
another)
2. Easily spread capable of being passed
on from one person to another
3. Of or relating to infection
Definitions
Pathogen - a microorganism that can cause
disease
Contagious - An infectious agent that can be
easily transmitted
Virulence highly infectious
Infectious
agent
Any microorganism that can
cause a disease such as a
bacterium, virus, parasite, or
fungus.
Reservoir
Portal of Exit
The place where the
organism leaves the
reservoir
Means / Mode of
Transmission
The means by which an
organism transfers from
one carrier to another by
either direct transmission
or indirect transmission
Portal Of Exits
Direct
Direct contact
Droplet spread
Indirect
Airborne
Vehicle borne
Vector borne (mechanical or biologic)
Portal of entry
The opening where an
infectious disease
enters the hosts body
Susceptible Host
The individual's
ability to resist
infection or contract
infection
Fundamental Principles of
Infection Prevention
Transmission Based
Precautions
Transmission Based
Precautions
Transmission Based
Precautions
References
http://www.uptodate.com/contents/generalprinciples-of-infection-control
http://www.cdc.gov/HAI/settings/outpatient/basicinfection-control-prevention-plan2011/fundamental-of-infection-prevention.html
Understanding Emerging and Re-emerging
Infectious Diseases
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK20370/