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BIOLOGY FORM 4 Chapter 4 - Chemical Composition of The Cell
BIOLOGY FORM 4 Chapter 4 - Chemical Composition of The Cell
CHAPTER 4 :
CHEMICAL
COMPOSITION OF THE
CELL
ELEMENT
S
Minor element
(require in
smaller
quantity)
Calcium
Phosphorus
Potassium
4% of human
Trace element
(require in the
smallest
quantity)
Zinc
Copper
Iron
0.1% of
human body
mass
Nucleic Acids
Organic compound
Compunds of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen,
phosphorus and nitrogen
Two types of nucleic acid:
i) Dexoyribonucleic acid (DNA)
o) stucture double stranded polynucluetides
twisted around each other to form double helix
o)Fucntion carry genetic information
i) Ribonucleic acid (RNA)
o)Stucture single strand of polynucleotide
o)Function involved in the synthesis of proteins
) Nucleotides basic building units of nucleic acids
- made up of nitogenous base, pentose sugar and
phosphate group
NUCLEOTIDE
WATER
Inorganic compund
Made up of hydorgen & oxygen
Importance of water are:
i) Give support in plants and hydrostatic skeletons
in worms
ii) Component of the protoplasm
iii) Solvent for solutes in the cells and blood plama
iv) Medium for biochemical reaction
v) Maintains the osmotic pressure in the tissue and
blood plasma
CARBOHYDRATE
Organic compound
Source of energy
Elements are from carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
3 types of carbohydrate :
i) Monosaccharide: glucose (in plant& fruits) , fructose (in fruits
& honey) & galactose (in milk).
All monosaccharide are reducing sugar.
ii) Disaccharide: maltose (two glucose join together - malt
sugar), lactose (glucose & galactose milk sugar) & sucrose
(glucose & fructose cane sugar)
Maltose & lactose are reducing sugar
Sucrose non-reducing sugar
iii) Polysaccharide : starch (stored in plant), glycogen (stored in
animal) & cellulose (forms the call walls of plant cells)
All polysaccharides are non-reducing sugar
PROTEINS
LIPIDS
Less reactive
More reactive
bad cholesterol
Good cholesterol
ENZYMES
i)
ii)
)
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
THANK YOU.