COOPERATIVE SIGNAL PROCESSING

BEACON TRANSPONDER

NECESSITY
There are various techniques to transmit data in
the
form of signals. Data can be transmitted by
wired means or wirelessly.
Cooperative signal processing is one of the
techniques which enhances the signal and
processes

COOPERATIVE SIGNAL PROCESSING

Cooperation happens when a direct communication between a source (S) and a destination
(D) is improved due to the help provided by a neighboring node. This neighboring node is denoted as a relay
(R), when he has no data of its own to transmit, or it can be a node that has data of its own to transmit but it
can also help with the communication between S and D. The later case is also known as user cooperation.

Beacon Transponder
A beacon is an intentionally conspicious

device designed to attract attention to a

specific location.
Beacons help guide navigators to their
destination. Types of navigational beacons
include radar reflectors, radio beacons sonic
and visual signals.

Beacon Transponder-Transmitter

Beacon Transponder
Receiver

INTRODUCTION

ATC Transponder
The navigation system which uses pulse system.
Developed as RADAR Devices to identify aircrafts.
collision avoidance systemshave been developed
to use transponder transmissions as means.
Upon request, the pilot can relay position and
altitude to ATC centre through VHF.
The ATC centre uses a ground based radar
surveillance to automatically monitor the location
of all aircrafts within control area.

TRANSPONDERS
A transponder short-for transmitter-responder

electronic device that produces a response when

it receives a radio-frequency interrogation.
Aircraft have transponders to assist in
identifying them on air traffic control radar; and
collision avoidance systems have been
developed to use transponder transmissions as a
means of detecting aircraft at risk of colliding
with each other.

PRINCIPLE OF ATC TRANSPONDER

There are two types of RSS at each ATC

Transponder ground station
I.
Primary Surveillance Radar (PSR)
II. Secondary Surveillance Radar (SSR)

.Primary

Surveillance Radar (PSR)

.Principle: Transmission and Reflection
beam
.Distance measurement
.Provide ATC ground station operator on
surveillance radar scope

Primary Surveillance Radar (PSR)

Transponder
Radarscope
No ATC
Ordinary
reply
response
ATC
action
reply
according
to situation signal to beacon
Secondary
Principle:
Surveillance
Transmission
Radar
(SSR)
of interrogation

Typical PPI
display

COMPONENTS
Transmitter: IMPATT Diode Oscillator

Receiver: GUNN Diode

Secondary surveillance radar (SSR) is referred to

as "secondary", to distinguish it from the "primary

radar" that works by passively reflecting a radio
signal off the skin of the aircraft. Primary radar
determines range and bearing to a target with
reasonably high fidelity, but it cannot determine
target elevation (altitude) reliably except at close
range. SSR uses an active transponder (beacon) to
transmit a response to an interrogation by a
secondary radar. This response most often includes
the aircraft'spressure altitudeand a 4-digitoctal
identifier.[7][8]

MODES OF
TRANSPONDERS
Transponders generally depend on their mode

types.
The modes of operation depend on whether
they work under primary surveillance radar or
Secondary surveillance radar(SSR)

Why Beacon Transponder

The beacon transponder requires low cost

beacon components that provide a target like

signal for a maximum range of 5 miles in
various weather conditions when they are
illuminated by airport surface detection
radars.
Low cost digital logic techniques are used
instead of analog techniques for isolation of
receiver.

Advantages
Low cost
High output power
Can access multiple nodes at a time.
Good Signal to Noise Ratio(SNR).