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Introduction To Statistics: Prepared By: Joshua Erdy A. Tan
Introduction To Statistics: Prepared By: Joshua Erdy A. Tan
STATISTICS
Prepared by:
Joshua Erdy A. Tan
Professional Teacher
Outline of Discussion
I.
II.
III.
Basics of Statistics
Statistical Description of Data
Measures of Central Tendency
Objectives
Define the basics of statistics.
Compute for the accurate statistical data.
Reflect on learning statistics in everyday
lives.
Basics of Statistics
Statistics
Science of collection, presentation,
analysis, and reasonable interpretation of
data.
Presents a rigorous scientific method for
gaining insight into data.
Give an instant overall picture of data based
on graphical presentation or numerical
summarization irrespective to the number
of data points.
Statistical Methods
Taxonomy of Statistical
Methods
Statistical Description of
Data
Statistical Description of
Data
Variables
Types of Variables
Types of Variables
Distribution
Types of Distribution
Unimodal - having a single peak
Bimodal - having two distinct peaks
Symmetric - left and right half are mirror
images.
Frequency Distribution
Frequency Distribution
Frequency
Distribution of
Age:
Age
1
2
Frequency
12
5-6
6
Cumulative Frequency
Age
Frequency
Cumulative
Frequency
15
20
24
26
Age Group
1-2
3-4
5-6
Frequency
12
Cumulative Frequency
20
26
Mean
The most popular and well known measure
of central tendency.
It is equal to the sum of all the values in the
data set (
) divided by the number of
values ( ) in the data set.
Formula:
Mean
For example, consider the wages of staff at a factory
below:
Staff
10
14k
15k
15k
12k
17k
90k
95k
Mean
To get the mean (represented by x) , you need to
add the salaries of staff members and divide it by
the number of staff members.
x = (15,000 + 18,000 + 16,000 + 14,000 + 15,000
+ 15,000 + 12,000 + 17,000 + 90,000 + 95,000)/10
x = 30,700
Answer: The mean salary for these ten staff is
$30.7k.
Median
Formula:
e = (x + y)/2
Where:
e = median
x = smallest middle mark
y = largest middle mark
Median
55
89
56
35
14
56
55
87
45
92
Median
e = (x+y)/2
e = (55+56)/2
e = 55.5
Answer: The median is 55.5.
Mode
The
set.
Mode
55
89
56
35
14
56
55
83
55
91
Range
The
Range
InA(4, 6, 9, 3, 7)the lowest value is 3,
and the highest is 9.
To get the Range of A:
END