TRANSLATION PROCEDURES

Group 3
Pham Thi Hong
Pham Ngoc Thuy
Chu Thi Thuy Trang
Duong My Trinh
04/25/16

04/25/16

Fill in each blank with no more than

THREE words

REVISION
1.. is the literal translation of
common
collocations,
names
of
organizations, the components of
compounds, also known as calque or
loan translation.
Answer: Through Translation
2. Through translations should be used
only when they are ..
terms.
Answer: already recognized

REVISON
3. ............. procedures include positive for double
negative, part for the whole, astract for concrete,
etc.
Answer: Modulation
4. .............( emprunt, loan word, transcription) is
the process of transfering a SL word to a TL text as
a translation procedure.
Answer: Transference

REVISION
5. . an approximate translation
where a SL cultural word is translated by a TL
cultural word.
Answer: Cultural Equivalent
6. The purpose of Cultural Equivalent is to
bridge the . between 2 languages
Answer: Cultural Overlap

Revision
7. In ............., the meaning of the SL words are
explained in several words.
Answer: descriptive translation
8. In literal translation, the ............. are converted
to their nearest TL equivalents, but the lexical
words are again translated singly, out of context.
Answer: SL grammatical constructions

REVISION
9. Couplets, triplets, quadruplets combine
two, three or four procedures ............. for
dealing with a single problem.
Answer: respectively
10. Modulation is a variation in the message
through a ............., perspective and thought
Answer: change of viewpoint

11. is a translation procedure involving

a change in the grammar from SL to TL
Answer: Shift/Transposition
12. Shift is used when an SL grammatical structure does
not exist in the TL or where literal translation is
grammatically possible but may not natural usage
in the TL
Answer: accord with
13. The purpose of Transposition is to give
expressions in the TL
Answer: natural

REVISION
14. ............. adapts the SL word first to
the normal pronunciation, then to
word- forms of the TL.
Answer: Naturalization
15 ............. procedure is used to
deculturalize a cultural word.
Answer: Functional equivalent

SLAP THE BOARD

Random player
When hearing the definitions, slap correct
terms.

 CONTENT
I. Translation Procedures
1.Through Translation
2.Shift/Transposition
3.Cultural Translation
4.Literal Translation
5.Transference
6.Naturalization
7.Modulation
8.Functional Translation
9.Descriptive Translation
10.Couplets
II. Exercises

 THROUGH TRANSLATION
1.Definition
The literal translation of common collocations,
names

of

organizations

(N.A.T.O),

the

components of compounds, also known as

calque or loan translation. (Newmark ,1995)
2. Use: already recognized terms, international
organizations
Ex. the White House => Nh Trng

Funny Corner!
Class divided into 2 groups
Say the name of the organizations in
Vietnamese
Guess by Logos 3p, Initials 2p,
Names 1p

ADB
o Asian Development Bank
Ngn hng pht trin chu

 WB
o World Bank
Ngn Hng Th Gii

N.A.T.O
o North Atlantic Treaty Organization
Khi Bc i Ty Dng

UNESCO
o The United Nations Educational, Scientific
and Cultural Organization
T chc Gio dc, Khoa hc v Vn ha ca
Lin hip quc

IMB
o International Maritime Bureau
C quan Hng hi Quc t

OPEC
o Organization of Petroleum Exporting
Countries
T chc cc nc xut khu du m

APDC
o Asian and Pacific Development
Centre
Trung tm pht trin chu Thi
Bnh Dng

 Shift / Transposition
1.Definition
- A shift (Catfords term) or transposition
(Vinay and Darbelnet) involves a change in
the grammar from SL to TL.
(Newmark, 1995)
- This is the process where parts of speech
change their sequence when they are
translated
Ex. blue ball => bng xanh
(Bosco G., 2015)

2. Types:
Position of Adj
Ex. a white horse
=> mt con nga trng
Singular => Plural
Ex. glasses/spectacles => knh eo mt
Gerund => verb-noun/ subordinate clause/
infinitive
Ex. On hearing his death
Khi bit tin anh y mt./Khi bit tin v ci cht
ca anh y
Noun => Clause
Ex. After his arrival
=> Sau khi anh y n
Complex Sentence => Simple Sentence

Cultural Equivalent
1. Definition: an approximate translation
where a SL cultural word is translated by a TL
cultural word.
(Newmark, 1995)
Ex. Yard => thc (o)
2. Purpose: to bridge the cultural overlap
between 2 languages

1. Shes 20 weeks pregnant

C y c bu c 5 thng
2. The baby weighs six pounds
a b cn c hn 2 k 7
3. The two houses are 100 yards apart
Hai nh cch nhau chng 100 thc
(i tm ci tng ng trong phin dch
Trnh Nht)

Literal translation
Direct transfer of a SL word into a TL word with
parallel grammartical structures.
For example:
SL

TL

Who ate the pie?

Ai n ci bnh?

This is my brother

y l anh ti

Peter breaks the

record

Peter ph k lc

Transference

A SL word is transfered directly into a TL word

with no translation.
- loan words (Kimbap, Samurai, Taco...)
- names ( of people, magazines, streets...)
- transcription
- technical terms ( Hollywood, Internet, blog...)

 For example:
Mr.
Cushmans
chosen
medium
is
sushi
and
sashimi, but the pristine
simplicity of Tokyos edomae
sushi is not Mr. Cushmans
style.

Phng
tin
ng
Cushman chn l sushi v
sashimi, nhng s n gin
thun ty trong mn edomae
sushi ca Tokyo khng phi
phong
cch
ca
ng
Cushman.
(http://www.nytimes.com/2015/10/2
8/dining/o-ya-review.html)

Naturalization
A SL word is adapted to a TL equivalence
( pronunciation and morphology)
For example:
SL

TL

Coffe

C ph

New York

Nu c

Pedal

P- an

MODULATION
Definition:
A variation through a change of viewpoint,
of perspective and very often of category of
thought
(Vinay and Darbelnet)
A change in point of view that allows us to
express the same phenomenon in a
different way
(Grard Hardin and Gynthia Picot)

MODULATION
Common types:
1.Abstract => concrete
2.Positive => double negative
3.Part => the whole
4.Cause => effect
5.One part => another part
6.Active => passive
7.Space => time
8.Change of symbols

MODULATION
He is susposed to finish his assignment
before this Monday
Anh ta phi hon thnh bi tp trc th
hai ti
(V Th Thu Thy)
A girls of 18 summers
=> mt c gi 18 xun xanh
(Dch thut nhng tri thc cn bit- Nguyn
Thng Hng)

FUNCTIONAL EQUIVALENT
Definition:
Use of a cultural- free word, with more
specific term or sometimes with a new
specific term to neutralizes or generalizes
the SL word.
Purpose: to deculturalize a cultural word

FUNCTIONAL EQUIVALENT
In the end, Mr. Corbyn changed only two of
the 31 positions in the shadow cabinet.
(The New York Times)
=> Cui cng th ngi Corbyn ch thay i
hai trong 31 v tr trong ni cc i lp.

DESCRIPTIVE EQUIVALENT
Definition:
Translating a source language/text word
using a description of the concept it refers to
in the target language
(Newmark, 1995)

DESCRIPTIVE EQUIVALENT
Ta c th k n mt lot c sn m thc H
Ni ch cn qua nhng cu ca dao, tc ng
truyn khu: bnh tri lng G ...
(m thc H Thnh)

=>Numerous delicious dishes of Ha Noi have

appeared in folk-ballads and proverbs: there are
banh troi (a floating cake made of bits of brown
sugar wrapped in glutinous rice paste and
cooked by scalding in boiling water) of Ga
village...
(Nguyn Thng Hng)
04/25/16

Mt trong nhng ngn ni c nhiu ngi

nhc n l Tin Du.
(n vng t Pht ni Tin-ng Mai)

=> Among the mountains much talked of is

Tien Du (Fairy Travel).
(Nguyn Thng Hng)

Couplets
Definition:
Couplets, triplets, quadruplets: Combine
two,
three
or
four
procedures
respectively for dealing with a single
problem (cultural word)
Uses:
transference/
naturalization/
cultural
equivalent/
functional
equivalent+ descriptive equivalent, etc.

Trong lng th thao ta, ai cng lo s khng c ngi

sc vi my qun vt Trung K, Nam K, vy m by
gi chnh ngi ra i, th chng ti c phn trng cy
lm. Chc ri c Kim Thng s c tho , nu ngi
nh my cy qun vt qun qun ca Trung K,
Nam K, ri i biu cho ng Dng i Xim.
(S -V Trng Phng)

=> We have been worried that Tonkin has no one who can
compete against Annam and Cochinchina, but now we
are fortunate to have you. Our Majesty will be so pleased
if you defeat the champions of Annam and Cochinchina
and go on to represent Indochina in Siam.
(Dumb Luck-Nguyen Nguyet Cam & Peter Zinoman)

Couplet: Modulation + Shift + Naturalization

04/25/16

 Tokin
Annam
Cochinchine
Indochina

04/25/16

EXERCISES
Translate the SL into TL
(VN-Eng or Eng-VN)
Identify the procedures used

EXERCISES
a) The woman looked frightened, but she only stammered that the Ayah
could not come.
( Secret Garden, by Frances Hodgson Burnett)
C gi t v ht hong, nhng c ta ch lp bp rng Ayah khng th
ti c.
( Khu vn b mt, Frances Hodgson Burnett, dch bi Nguyn Tun
Khanh)
b) It used to be about the division of labor: Men sought homemakers, and
women sought breadwinners.
iu tng xoay quanh s phtn chia lao ng: n ng tm kim
nhng ngi xy t m, v ph n tm kim nhng tr ct gia nh.
(http://www.nytimes.com/2016/02/23/upshot/rise-in-marriages-ofequals-and-in-division-by-class.html?_r=0)
a: Couplet: literal translation + transference( Ayah)
b: Couplet: Literal translation + functional equivalent (breadwinnersnhng tr ct gia nh

EXERCISES
When Mary Lennox was sent to Misselthwaite Manor to
live with her uncle everybody said she was the most
disagreeable-looking child ever seen.
(Secret garden, by Frances Hodgson Burnett)
Khi Mary Lennox c gi ti trang vin Misselthwaite
sng vi bc ca n, mi ngi u bo rng n l
a tr kh coi nht m h tng thy.
( Khu vn b mt Frances Hodgson Burnett, translated by
Nguyn Tun Khanh)
Transference

EXERCISES
She was very much absorbed in her own little boy and girl, and was
rather glad to hand the child over to the woman Mr. Archibald
Craven sent to meet her, in London.
(Secret garden, by Frances Hodgson Burnett)
Cu con trai v c con gi b bng a chon ht tm tr ca b, v b
ly lm vui mng khi gi c a tr cho ngi ph n m ng
Archibald Craven c ti gp b Lun n.
( Khu vn b mt, Frances Hodgson Burnett, dch bi Nguyn Tun
Khanh)
Archibald Craven- Archibald Craven: transference

London- Lun n: Naturalization

Shift

Bt chp s phn i v quan ngi ca VitNam cng

nh cng ng quc t, Trung Quc vn tip tc c cc
hnh ng khng ch xm phm nghim trng ch quyn
ca VitNam, thc y qun s ha Bin ng, m
cn e da n ha bnh, n nh khu vc cng nh an
ninh, an ton, t do hng hi, hng khng Bin ng.
=>Chinas acts, regardless of objections and concerns
raised by Vietnam and the international community, not
only seriously violate Vietnams sovereignty and
accelerate militarisation in the East Sea, but also threaten
peace and stability in the region as well as maritime and
aviation security, safety and freedom in the East Sea.
(Vietnamnet)

EXERCISES
Couplets: Modulation & Shift
Modulation:
Bin ng = East Sea
Shift:
Chinas acts = Trung Quc vn tip
tc c cc hnh ng

EXERCISES
Gio hi Pht Gio Vit Nam t chc trng
th i l Pht n Pht Lch 2550
(LHin- QuangV- QucVit)
=>The Vietnam Buddhist Sangha (VBS)
celebrated Buddhas birth anniversary and
the 2550th year of the Buddhist calendar.
(NguynThngHng)

EXERCISES
The Vietnam Buddhist Sangha (VBS)
celebrated Buddhas birth anniversary and
the 2550th year of the Buddhist calendar.
(NguynThngHng)
=> Gio hi Pht Gio Vit Nam t chc
trng th i l Pht n Pht Lch 2550
(LHin- QuangV- QucVit)
Functional Equivalent
Phtn= Buddhas birth anniversary

EXERCISE
Since former times, it has been rumoured that girls
in the Lim area of Kinh Bac land (northern Bac
Ninh Province nowadays) have beautiful eyes
because they were born in an area with
picturesque scenery.
=> T xa ngi ta n rng con gi vng Lim t
Kinh Bc (Bc Ninh ngy nay) c i mt p v
c sinh ra trn mt vng t c phong cnh
hu tnh.
(ng Mai Translated by Nguyn Thng Hng)

EXERCISES
Modulation
Passive => Active
it has been rumoured => ngi ta n
rng

EXERCISES
Hng c Dn c cht c bit hn: c khng bn
nc vi hay nc ch ti.
(Hng nc c Dn, Thch Lam)
=> Dans little shop is different only in one respect.
She does not go in for making tea called Voi, a brew
of leaves of wild plants picked in the forests and which
tastes very bitter, nor for green tea, though both these
are very popular.
(The little tea seller, Mary Cowan- Carolyn
Swetland- ngTh Bnh)

EXERCISE
Couplets:
Transference & Descriptive equivalent
Transference :Voi, Dan
Descriptive equivalent:
Voi, a brew of leaves of wild plants
picked in the forests and which tastes very
bitter

EXERCISES
Ra ph l c phi mc o bng, cha n
ma rt c khoc ci o ba xuy dy
s.
(S -V Trng Phng)

=> Whenever he went out, he wear a ba-xuy (overcoat) whether it is winter or not.
(Dumb Luck-Nguyen Nguyet Cam & Peter Zinoman)

Couplet:Transference + Descriptive Equivalent

Through Translation
(1) European Council => Hi ng Chu u
(2) EU => Lin minh Chu u

Kim Vn Kiu - Nguyn Du

Trm nm (1) trong ci ngi ta,
Ch ti, ch mnh kho l ght nhau.
Tri qua mt cuc b du,(2)
Nhng iu trng thy m au n lng.

The Kim Van Kieu of Nguyen Du

(by Thuy Duong)
Within one hundred years (1) of human existence,
Talent and fortune seem always in discordance.
Meanwhile, great changes overturn everything (2),
How bitter to see life full of suffering!

Shift/Transposition
Singular => Plural
(1) Trm nm => a hundred years
(2) Mt cuc b du => great changes

(theguardian.com)

=> Through Translation

(bnews.vn)

 My father wanted to live in a room in the

outbuilding like my mother, but my wife
wouldnt hear of it. This saddened my
father.
Cha ti mun mt phng di dy nh
ngang ging nh m ti. V ti khng chu.
Cha ti bun.
(Nguyen Huy Thiep, Tuong
ve huu The
General Retires in The
Other Side of Heaven, 1995)
=> Shift/Transposition: saddened (V) => bun (adj)

EXERCISES
Cp v chng Vn Minh a mt nhn
nhau rt chn nn, v c Hng chnh l
ng b.
(S -V Trng Phng)

=>Mr.Civilization looks uneasily at his

wife, embarrassed at the fact that
Grandpa Hng was his father.
(Dumb Luck)

Couplet: Literal Translation

Transference Hng
04/25/16

Civilization

EXERCISES
M th nh th th tht tro phng lm, khng
km g T M. Nhng m th ca anh sao c
nhiu mi thuc th?
(S -V Trng Phng)

=>Your poem was as scathingly satirical as Tu

Mos. But why is your verse so medical terms?

(Tu Mo: the pseudonym for a well-known satirical poet of

the era).
(Dumb Luck)

Couplet:Transference + Descriptive equivalent

04/25/16

EXERCISES
Trong s cc c sn ca H thnh, Cm Vng
ni ting n ni y l mt trong nhng mn n
c lm cung tin cho vua cha thi xa.
(m thc H Thnh)

=> Among the specialties of Ha Noi, Com (green

rice flakes) Vong (name of the village that makes
it) seems to be so famous that it was exclusively
served for presenting to the kings and the lords in
times of old.
(Nguyn Thng Hng)

Couplet:Transference + Descriptive Equivalent

04/25/16

 Sources:
1. http://www.theguardian.com/politics/2016/feb/24/eubeyond-reform-says-former-foreign-secretary-lord-owen
2. http://bnews.vn/imf-canh-bao-kinh-te-the-gioi-co-nguyco-trat-banh-/10191.html
3. http://www.vietnamplus.vn/vien-canh-nuoc-anh-roi-khoilien-minh-chau-au-da-can-ke/369428.vnp
4. http://www.dothaneagle.com/cameron-tusk-fail-to-strikedeal-on-british-reform-demands/article_d74ffc13-2c05584f-b2f3-99b9617ba000.html
5. http://nhavantphcm.com.vn/doc-duong-van-hoc/dichtruyen-kieu-ra-tho-tieng-anh-va-viec-quang-ba-van-hocviet.html
6. i tm ci tng ng trong phin dch Trnh Nht
(2015)

7. S - V Trng Phng
8. Dumb luck Translated by Peter Zinoman & Nguyen
Nguyet Cam
9.http://www.nytimes.com/2016/02/23/upshot/rise-inmarriages-of-equals-and-in-division-by-class.html?_r=0
10.
http://www.nytimes.com/2015/10/28/dining/o-yareview.html
11. Dch thut nhng tri thc cn bit Nguyn Thng
Hng (2014)
12. Secret Garden - Frances Hodgson Burnett (1910)
13. Khu vn b mt Translated by Nguyen Tuan Khanh
(2010)