2D Viewing: CGVR - Korea.ac - KR

Graphics
2D Viewing

cgvr.korea.ac.kr
Graphics Lab @ Korea
Contents
3D Rendering Pipeline
Clipping
CGVR
Cohen-Sutherland Line Clipping

Sutherland-Hodgeman Polygon Clipping
Viewport Transformation
Scan Conversion
Summary of Transformation
3D Primitives
CGVR
3D Modeling Coordinates
Model
Model Transformation
Transformation
3D World Coordinates
Lighting
Lighting
Viewing
Viewing Transformation
Transformation
3D Viewing Coordinates
Projection
Projection Transformation
Transformation
2D Projection Coordinates
Clipping
Clipping
Viewport
Transformation
2D Device Coordinates
Scan
Scan Conversion
Conversion
Image
3D Primitives
CGVR
3D Modeling Coordinates
Model
Model Transformation
Transformation
Lighting
Lighting
Viewing
Viewing Transformation
Transformation
Projection
Projection Transformation
Transformation
Clipping
Clipping
Viewport
Transformation
Scan
Scan Conversion
Conversion
Image
CGVR
3D Primitives
2D Primitives
Clipping
Clipping
Viewport
Transformation
Scan
Scan Conversion
Conversion
Clip portions of geometric primitives

residing outside window
Transform the clipped primitives
from screen to image coordinates
Fill pixel representing primitives
in screen coordinates
Image
CGVR
3D Primitives
2D Primitives
Clipping
Clipping
Viewport
Transformation
Scan
Scan Conversion
Conversion

Image
Clipping
CGVR
Avoid Drawing Parts of Primitives Outside

Window
Window defines part of scene being viewed

Must draw geometric primitives only inside window
World
Coordinates
Clipping
CGVR

Window
Window defines part of scene being viewed

Must draw geometric primitives only inside window
Clipping
CGVR

Window
Points
Lines
Polygons
Circles
etc.
Point Clipping
CGVR
Is Point(x,y) Inside the Clip Window?
wy2
Inside
Inside ==
(x>=wx1)
(x>=wx1) &&
&&
(x<=wx2)
(x<=wx2) &&
&&
(x, y)
(y>=wy1)
(y>=wy1) &&
&&
(y<=wy2);
(y<=wy2);
wy1
wx1
wx2
Line Clipping
CGVR
Find the Part of a Line Inside the Clip

Window
P7
P1
P4
P3
P2
P6
P5
P8
P10
P9
Before Clipping
Line Clipping
CGVR
Find the Part of a Line Inside the Clip

Window
P7
P4
P8
P3
P6
P5
After Clipping
Cohen-Sutherland Line
Clipping
CGVR
Use Simple Tests to Classify Easy Cases

First
P7
P1
P4
P3
P2
P6
P5
P8
P10
P9
Clipping
CGVR
Classify Some Lines Quickly by AND of Bit Codes

Representing Regions of Two Endpoints (Must Be 0)
P7 0001
1001
0101
Bit 4
P1
P4
1000
P2
1010
P5
Bit 1
P3
P8
0100
0000
P6
0010
P10
P9
Bit 3
0110
Bit 2
Clipping
CGVR

P7 0001
1001
0101
Bit 4
P1
P4
1000
P2
1010
P5
Bit 1
P3
P8
0100
0000
P6
0010
P10
P9
Bit 3
0110
Bit 2
Clipping
CGVR

P7 0001
1001
0101
Bit 4
P4
1000
P3
P8
0100
0000
P6
1010
P5
Bit 1
0010
P10
P9
Bit 3
0110
Bit 2
Clipping
CGVR
Compute Intersections with Window Boundary for

Lines That Cant be Classified Quickly
P7 0001
1001
0101
P4
1000
P3
P8
0100
0000
P6
1010
P5
Bit 1
0010
P10
P9
Bit 4
Bit 3
0110
Bit 2
Clipping
CGVR

P7 0001
1001
0101
P4
1000
P3
P8
0100
0000
P6
1010
P5
Bit 1
0010
P10
P9
Bit 4
Bit 3
0110
Bit 2
Clipping
CGVR

P7 0001
1001
0101
P4
1000
P3
P8
0100
0000
P6
P5
1010
Bit 1
0010
P10
P9
Bit 4
Bit 3
0110
Bit 2
Clipping
CGVR

P7 0001
1001
0101
P4
1000
P3
P8
0100
0000
P6
P5
1010
Bit 1
0010
P10
P9
Bit 4
Bit 3
0110
Bit 2
Clipping
CGVR

P7 0001
1001
0101
P4
1000
P3
P8
0100
0000
P6
P5
1010
Bit 1
0010
P10
P9
Bit 4
Bit 3
0110
Bit 2
Clipping
CGVR

P7 0001
1001
0101
P4
1000
P3
P8
0100
0000
P6
P5
1010
Bit 1
0010
P10
P9
Bit 4
Bit 3
0110
Bit 2
Clipping
CGVR

1001
0001
P7
0101
P4
1000
P3
P8
0100
0000
P6
P5
1010
Bit 1
0010
P10
P9
Bit 4
Bit 3
0110
Bit 2
Clipping
CGVR

1001
0001
P7
0101
P4
1000
P3
P8
0100
0000
P6
P5
1010
Bit 1
0010
P10
P9
Bit 4
Bit 3
0110
Bit 2
Clipping
CGVR

1001
0001
P7
0101
P4
1000
P3
P8
0000
0100
P6
P5
1010
Bit 1
0010
Bit 4
P10
P9
Bit 3
0110
Bit 2
Clipping
CGVR

1001
0001
P7
0101
P4
1000
P3
P8
0000
0100
P6
P5
1010
Bit 1
0010
Bit 4
P10
P9
Bit 3
0110
Bit 2
Clipping
CGVR

1001
0001
P7
0101
P4
1000
P3
P8
0000
0100
P6
P5
1010
Bit 1
0010
Bit 4
P10
P9
Bit 3
0110
Bit 2
Clipping
CGVR

1001
0001
P7
0101
P4
1000
P3
P8
0000
0100
P6
P5
1010
Bit 1
0010
Bit 4
P10
P9
Bit 3
0110
Bit 2
Clipping
CGVR

1001
0001
P7
0101
P4
1000
P3
P8
0000
0100
P6
P5
1010
Bit 1
0010
Bit 4
P10
P90110
Bit 3
Bit 2
Clipping
CGVR

1001
0001
P7
0101
P4
1000
P3
P8
0000
0100
P6
P5
1010
Bit 1
0010
Bit 4
P10
P90110
Bit 3
Bit 2
Clipping
CGVR

1001
0001
P7
0101
P4
1000
P3
Bit 4
P8
0000
0100
P6
P5
1010
Bit 1
Bit 3
0010
0110
Bit 2
Polygon Clipping
CGVR
Find the Part of a Polygon Inside the Clip

Window?
Before Clipping
Polygon Clipping
CGVR
Find the Part of a Polygon Inside the Clip

Window?
After Clipping
Sutherland-Hodgeman
Polygon Clipping
CGVR
Clip to Each Window Boundary One at a

Time
Sutherland-Hodgeman
Polygon Clipping
CGVR

Time
Sutherland-Hodgeman
Polygon Clipping
CGVR

Time
Sutherland-Hodgeman
Polygon Clipping
CGVR

Time
Sutherland-Hodgeman
Polygon Clipping
CGVR

Time
Clipping to a Boundary
CGVR
Do Inside Test for Each Point in Sequence,

Insert New Points When Cross Window Boundary,
Remove Points Outside Window Boundary
P2
P1
Window
Boundary
Inside
P5
P3
Outside
P4
CGVR

P2
P1
Window
Boundary
Inside
P5
P3
Outside
P4
CGVR

P2
P1
Window
Boundary
Inside
P5
P3
Outside
P4
CGVR

P2
P1
Window
Boundary
Inside
P5
P3
Outside
P4
CGVR

P2
P1
Window
Boundary P
Inside
P5
P3
Outside
P4
CGVR

P2
P1
Window
Boundary P
Inside
P5
P3
Outside
P4
CGVR

P2
P1
Window
Boundary P
Inside
P5
P3
Outside
P4
CGVR

P2
P1
Window
Boundary P
P3
Inside
P5
Outside
P4
CGVR

P2
Window
Boundary P
P1
P
Inside
Outside
CGVR
3D Primitives
2D Primitives
Clipping
Clipping
Viewport
Transformation
Scan
Scan Conversion
Conversion

Image
CGVR
Transform 2D Geometric Primitives from

Screen Coordinate System (Projection
Coordinates) to Image Coordinate System
(Device Coordinates)
Screen
Image
Viewport
Window vs. Viewport
Window
CGVR
World-coordinate area selected for display

What is to be viewed
Viewport
Area on the display device to which a window is

mapped
Where it is to be displayed
CGVR
Window-to-Viewport Mapping
wy2
Window
(wx, wy)
wy1
wx1
wx2
Screen Coordinates
vy2
Viewport
(vx, vy)
vy1
vx1
vx2
Image Coordinates
vx
vx == vx1
vx1 ++ (wx
(wx wx1)
wx1) ** (vx2
(vx2 vx1)
vx1) // (wx2
(wx2 wx1);
wx1);
vy
vy == vy1
vy1 ++ (wy
(wy wy1)
wy1) ** (vy2
(vy2 vy1)
vy1) // (wy2
(wy2 wy1);
wy1);
CGVR
3D Primitives
2D Primitives
Clipping
Clipping
Viewport
Transformation
Scan
Scan Conversion
Conversion

Image
Scan Conversion
Definition
CGVR
Figure out which pixels to fill
Example
Filling the inside of a triangle

P1
P2
P3
Triangle Scan Conversion
CGVR
Simple Algorithm
Color all pixels inside a triangle

Inside triangle test
A point is inside a triangle if it is in the positive halfspace of

all three boundary lines
L1
L3
L2
Triangle Scan Conversion
CGVR
Triangle Sweep-Line Algorithm
Take advantage of spatial coherence
Compute which pixels are inside using horizontal spans

Process horizontal spans in scan-line order
Take advantage of edge linearity
Use edge slopes to update coordinates incrementally
dy
dx
Polygon Scan Conversion
CGVR
Fill Pixels Inside a Polygon
Triangle
Quadrilateral
Convex
Star-Shaped
Concave
Self-Intersecting
Holes
Inside Polygon Rule
CGVR
Need Better Test for Points Inside a Polygon
Inside triangle test works only for convex polygon
L2
L5
L2
L5B
L5A
L3
L3
L4
Convex Polygon
L4
Concave Polygon
Inside Polygon Rule
CGVR
Odd-Parity Rule
Any ray from P to infinity crosses odd number of

edges
Concave
Self-Intersecting
With Holes
CGVR
Polygon Line-Sweep Algorithm
Incremental algorithm to find spans, and determine

insideness with odd-parity rule
Triangle
Polygon
CGVR
Hardware Scan Conversion
Convert everything into Triangles
Summary of Transformation
CGVR
P(x, y, z)
3D Object Coordinates
Modeling
Modeling
Transformation
Transformation
Viewing
Viewing
Transformation
Transformation
Projection
Projection
Transformation
Transformation
Window-to-Viewport
Window-to-Viewport
Transformation
Transformation
P(x, y)

2D Viewing: CGVR - Korea.ac - KR

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

2D Viewing: CGVR - Korea.ac - KR

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Graphics

Graphics Lab @ Korea

Cohen-Sutherland Line Clipping

Graphics Lab @ Korea

Clip portions of geometric primitives

Clip portions of geometric primitives

Avoid Drawing Parts of Primitives Outside

Window defines part of scene being viewed

Avoid Drawing Parts of Primitives Outside

Window defines part of scene being viewed

Graphics Lab @ Korea

Avoid Drawing Parts of Primitives Outside

Graphics Lab @ Korea

Is Point(x,y) Inside the Clip Window?

Graphics Lab @ Korea

Find the Part of a Line Inside the Clip

Find the Part of a Line Inside the Clip

Use Simple Tests to Classify Easy Cases

Classify Some Lines Quickly by AND of Bit Codes

Classify Some Lines Quickly by AND of Bit Codes

Classify Some Lines Quickly by AND of Bit Codes

Compute Intersections with Window Boundary for

Compute Intersections with Window Boundary for

Compute Intersections with Window Boundary for

Compute Intersections with Window Boundary for

Compute Intersections with Window Boundary for

Compute Intersections with Window Boundary for

Compute Intersections with Window Boundary for

Compute Intersections with Window Boundary for

Compute Intersections with Window Boundary for

Compute Intersections with Window Boundary for

Compute Intersections with Window Boundary for

Compute Intersections with Window Boundary for

Compute Intersections with Window Boundary for

Compute Intersections with Window Boundary for

Compute Intersections with Window Boundary for

Find the Part of a Polygon Inside the Clip

Find the Part of a Polygon Inside the Clip

Clip to Each Window Boundary One at a

Graphics Lab @ Korea

Clip to Each Window Boundary One at a

Graphics Lab @ Korea

Clip to Each Window Boundary One at a

Graphics Lab @ Korea

Clip to Each Window Boundary One at a

Graphics Lab @ Korea

Clip to Each Window Boundary One at a

Graphics Lab @ Korea

Do Inside Test for Each Point in Sequence,

Do Inside Test for Each Point in Sequence,

Do Inside Test for Each Point in Sequence,

Do Inside Test for Each Point in Sequence,

Do Inside Test for Each Point in Sequence,

Do Inside Test for Each Point in Sequence,

Do Inside Test for Each Point in Sequence,

Do Inside Test for Each Point in Sequence,

Do Inside Test for Each Point in Sequence,

Graphics Lab @ Korea

Clip portions of geometric primitives

Transform 2D Geometric Primitives from

Graphics Lab @ Korea

Window vs. Viewport