Application of Motivation

Concepts

Job Characteristics Model

Characteristics:
Characteristics:
1.
1. Skill
Skillvariety
variety
2.
2.
3.
3.

Task
Taskidentity
identity
Task
Tasksignificance
significance

4.
4.
5.
5.

Autonomy
Autonomy
Feedback
Feedback

Job Characteristics Model

Job Characteristics Model

Job Characteristics Model

Job Characteristics Model

Computing a Motivating Potential Score

People
Peoplewho
whowork
workon
onjobs
jobswith
withhigh
highcore
coredimensions
dimensionsare
are
generally
generallymore
moremotivated,
motivated,satisfied,
satisfied,and
andproductive.
productive.
Job
Jobdimensions
dimensionsoperate
operatethrough
throughthe
thepsychological
psychologicalstates
statesinin
influencing
influencingpersonal
personaland
andwork
workoutcome
outcomevariables
variablesrather
rather
than
thaninfluencing
influencingthem
themdirectly.
directly.

Jobs Redesign Options

Guidelines for enriching a job

Alternate Work Arrangements

Example of Flexitime Schedule

Employee Involvement

Examples of Employee Involvement Programs

Examples of Employee Involvement Programs

Representative Participation

Works Councils

Workers
participate
in
organizational decision making
through a small group of
representative employees.

Groups of nominated or elected

employees who must be
consulted when management
makes decisions involving
personnel
Board Representative
A form of representative
participation; employees sit on
a companys board of directors
and represent the interests of
the firms employees.

Rewarding Employees Through Variable Pay

Programs

Variable-Pay Programs

Variable-Pay Programs

Skill Based Pay Plans

Flexible Benefits

Core-plus
Core-plusPlans:
Plans:
aacore
coreof
ofessential
essential
benefits
benefitsand
andaamenu-like
menu-like
selection
selectionof
ofother
otherbenefit
benefit
options.
options.

Modular
ModularPlans:
Plans:
predesigned
predesignedbenefits
benefits
packages
packagesfor
forspecific
specific
groups
groupsof
ofemployees.
employees.

Employee Recognition Programs

Intrinsic rewards: Stimulate Intrinsic Motivation

Personal attention given to employee

Approval and appreciation for a job well done

Growing in popularity and usage

Benefits of Programs

Fulfill employees desire for recognition

Inexpensive to implement

Encourages repetition of desired behaviors

Drawbacks of Programs

Susceptible to manipulation by management

Some ways to Motivate the

Employees
Recognize individual differences
Use goals and feedback
Allow employees to participate in the decisions
that
affect them
Link rewards to performance
Check the system for equity