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Presentation of Liuming Jing #117 Multi-Terminal HVDC Protection
Presentation of Liuming Jing #117 Multi-Terminal HVDC Protection
IT
INDEX
DC pole-to-ground faults
Fault voltage
Fault current
Fault detection
Communication-less
Communication-based
Fault location
Communication-less
Communication-based
PSCAD model
DC pole-to-ground faults
Fault voltage
After fault occurence, the voltage at the fault location decreas
es.
The voltage drop at the fault location occurs very quickly, but
not instantaneously due to the voltage supporting, distribute
d line capacitance and the inductance in the fault path.
Negative voltage surges start to travel from the fault location
into both directions towards the terminals. After that, the neg
ative voltage surge is reflected back.
DC pole-to-ground faults
Fault current
The midpoint of the capacitor is usully grounded. The ground
ed capacitor midpoint and the ground fault form a loop that p
rovokes a discharge of the capacitors.
The discharge current of the capacitor is then superposed on
the reflected, backward traveling current surge, which can be
approximated by the convolution of the incident waveform an
d the impulse response of the filter.
Refelected surge arrives again at the fault location, one part i
s reflected and the other part transmitted through the fault in
to the opposite section of the line according to the relection c
oeffient and transmission coefficient.
Fault detection
Fault detection-Communication less
Protection based on local measurement. Four variables have
been investigated in the follwing:
DC
DC
DC
DC
current
current derivative
voltage
voltage derivative
Protection devices:
Overcurrent relay
Under volatge relay
Derivative relay
Wavelet based relay
Fault detection
Fault detection-Communication based
Differential relay
The sum of the currents at two ends should be zero
The i_sum is the sum of the real time local measurement and a his
tory data of remote measurement.
1 is the communication delay for 200 KM fiber optic
The purpose is to make the detection time as short as possible
(1)
Fault location
Fault location-communication less
Fault location can be identified by measuring the current com
ponent at the characteristic frequency. In external fault, the c
haracteristic frequency current measured by CT is smaller co
mpared with the non-characteristic frequency current. In cont
rary, the characteristic frequency current is larger than the no
n-characteristic frequency current in internal fault.
(2)
Fault location
Fault location-communication less
The advanced signal processing method such as Wavelet trans
formation can be used for current signal processing.
Complex wavelet transform is used in order to detect the no
n-integer harmonics. Complex wavelet has the advantages of
smooth and symmetry which make it easy to match the signal
phase-frequency characteristic.
(3)
The wavelet transform coefficient
Fault location
location-communication less
Fault
Fault location
Fault location- Communication based
Travelling wave based fault location method
In this type, the fault location can be determined by equation
below,
(6)
Where d is the distance from the fault to a terminal b, (Ta-Tb) the dif
ference in arrival times at station a and station b, and L the line leng
th between the two stations.
10
HVDC Protection
Critical clearing time
Reference : Teleprotection in multi-terminal HVDC supergrids
(2014)
Find the critical clearing time of CB1 for 1km and 99km fault o
f the power system below
Determine how to detect the fault (Use the same criteria for 1km
and 99km fault)
CB3
100 km
CB4
CB1
CB2
20 km
CB5
100 km
CB6
11
12
13
PSCAD model
PSCAD model
Pos
Cable4 C1
500 [MVA]
170 [kV] / 150 [kV]
in
#1
C2
#2
R=0
Neg
F = 3000 [Hz]
C
Cable2
C1
pos
500 [MVA]
170 [kV] / 150 [kV]
#2
in
#1
Cable3
C2
C1
Cable4
R=0
neg
F = 3000 [Hz]
C2
C
Cable3
Cable2
C1
Idc_bus2
pos
C2
Idc_s1
#2
R=0
C1 Cable2
pos
in
#1
#1
F = 3000 [Hz]
C
Cable2
C2
#2
A
V
neg
Cable3 C1 I_t_1
500 [MVA]
170 [kV] / 150 [kV]
500 [MVA]
170 [kV] / 150 [kV]
out
Udc_Bus_2
Udc_Bus_1
C2
R=0
F = 3000 [Hz]
neg
Cable5
C2
C
Cable2
Pos
500 [MVA]
170 [kV] / 150 [kV]
C1
In
#1
#2
R=0
C2
Neg
F = 3000 [Hz]
14
Q&A
15