TRP 266

URBAN DESIGN

LECT. 6:
PRINCIPLES OF
COMMUNITY DESIGN
 INTRODUCTION
By : Michael A. Buryidi. (2000). Urban Planning In A Multicultural Society. USA. Praeger Publisher.

Planning is a democratic process through which

community with planner help to determine needs and
ways to fulfill through a deliberative and reflective
process.

Since communities differ in their needs and socio-

cultural groups within communities seek different
ends, it follows that effective planning would result
in a plurality of plans to suit the needs of diverse
public.

Therefore planning consist of multidimensional

profession with sensitivity toward class, race, sex
and culture.
 INTRODUCTION
By : Jill Grant. (2006). Good Community – New Urbanism in Theory and Practice. USA.

In an era when modernism has profoundly effected the shape of the city, new urbanism presents a
new images for a good community.

The proponents of new urbanism have developed charters that present their principles as
universal and timeless.

New urban approaches have become so deeply to keep cities competitive in an era of
globalization.

There are 4 basic principles of community design:

a. Function – the design should be usable by all

b. Order – the design should be easily understood

c. Identity – the design should be distinctive and recognizable

d. Appeal – the design should be pleasing and attractive

 1. FUNCTION
Function is a broad perspective in the social sciences which addresses social structure in terms of
the function of its constituent and institutions.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Function_sociology access on 11 March 2010 at 4.56pm

E QUALITIES & GUIDELINES OF FUNCTIO

a. Linkage
 The linkage theory involves the
organization of lines that connect/ access
the parts of the city and the design of a
spatial datum from these lines relate
buildings to spaces.
 Linkages is simply the glue of the
city/interaction. It is the act by which we
unite/overlap all the layers of activities and
resulting physical form in the city
 Linkage elements are static and formal in
nature.
 There are 3 types of spatial linkages:
 1. FUNCTION
b. Security
 Diagram above shows the contribute of the
knowledge exchange among cities on the
role of security in urban development.
 Safety concerns on physical and security
concerns more intangible threats.
 Security is the quest for a situation or
moment of privacy in which something
undesirable does not exist or does nor
occur.
 Security can be predominantly related to a
spatial entity or urban activities.
 1. FUNCTION
c. Comfort
 The term used to denote a type of mental
conditioning resulting in artificially created
mental boundaries, within which an
individual derives a sense of friendliness.
 Konsep masyarakat madani (civil society)
menonjolkan ciri ciri keselesaan
berteraskan idealisme bandar (physical
ease).
 Pembentukan sebuah persekitaran fizikal
dan komuniti bandar boleh dan mendapat
keselesaan hidup dalam persekitaran fizikal,
ekonomi dan sosial yang meningkat selesa
(visual rest).
 1. FUNCTION
d. Diversity
 Developing countries are facing unprecedented
challenges toward sustainable societies in the sense that
they have to balance economy growth and environmental
consideration.
 Dealing with and valuing diversity, difference and the
desire for distinctiveness.
 The challenge is to create a coherent narrative for
diversity and how it can solve the problems.
By: Phil Wood, Charles Landry. (2008). The Intercultural City – Planning For Diversity Advantages.
USA.

 The major issues in waste disposal are unplanned city

drains, lack of integrated sewage lines, blocked storm
water drains, untreated sewage to canals, lack of
sewage system for many areas and lack of treatment
plants.
 Through careful and sustainable urban design plans
these aspects can be given a much needed boost to
develop to its potentials.
 2. ORDER
Confirmed by one design to another under specific terms and conditions.
http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/order.html access on 11 March 2010 at 4.56pm

E QUALITIES & GUIDELINES OF FUNCTIO

a. Coherence
 The area of coherence in design was discuss in general manner, the
issues are equally related to how to design (guideline).
 Coherence involves connections between the discourse and the
context in which it occurs.
 Coherence theories that have received the most attention in applied
design for communities.
 Coherence can be divided into several suggestions:
• Signal the major ideas in the text such as using numbers.
• Use heading and indentations to indicate the major ideas.
• Include repetition of important ideas in various wordings.
 Di dalam merekaletak sesuatu elemen di dalam kawasan
pembangunan, kesatuan kesemua elemen penting bagi memastikan
keserasian dan keindahan kawasan tersebut dipelihara.
 2. ORDER
b. Clarity
 The important of this principle is simplicity.
 A design solution should start from the bare bones and add elements
to ensure the design is only as complex as it needs to be.
 The design should/may be successful if combined with clarity ideas,
giving the user a way in to the product (development).
 The reason for structuring the design into sections is to present
information in manageable and cohesive units for clarity and ease of
reading.
 For the sake of brevity and clarity the design process is presented as
if it were a linear progression from project inception to the
distillation of the solution.
By: Cliff Moughtin et al. (1999). Urban Design: Method and Techniques.

 The designing legibility is determined by the technical design of the

area, their clarity.
 2. ORDER
c. Continuity
 Continuity is the term often used to donate the visual relationship
between 2 or more design.
 Continuity of self is a strategy unique to determine design that seeks
to enhance functioning through environments that have meaning to a
particular individual.
 None of the universal design principles specifically address the issues
of continuity, this is because universal design is design for everyone
and continuity is specific design (system).
 However a broader interpretation of this universal design principles
suggests that the same or equivalent design elements can be used to
support continuity (sequence).
 None of the universal design principles contradict continuity
(rhythm).
 According to Anderson (1984) many a good design is the result of
continuity as a system of design programs.
 2. ORDER
Ellen Lupton, Jennifer C. Phillip. (2008). Graphic Design: The New Basic. New York.

d. Balance
 Balance is a fundamental
human condition.
 Balance is a prized
commodity in our culture.
 In design, balance acts as
a catalyst for form.
 Visual balance occurs
when the weight of one or
more things is distributed
evenly or proportionately
in space/design
(emphasis).
 Balance need not ne
static.
 Balance and rhythm work
together to create works
of design (pattern).
 3. IDENTITY
Principle of logic stating that an object is the same as itself
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Identity access on 21 March 2010 at 7.37 pm

Identity is the word most commonly used to distinguish it from other places/design.
Georgia Butina Watson, Ian Bentley. (2007). Identity By Design. USA.

a. Focus
 The design focus is to monitor early use of the design to ensure
proper performance in design (visual focus).
 The design focus is to scale the supply and performance to meet the
demand in designing.
 The lively new configuration of downtown represented in renewal
city not only made by the place/location but also unleashed the a
slightly grander vision of a activity node that would be a focus for the
main activities.
 This activity node is conceived as a way of increasing and enhancing
the support activities in certain place/location.
 3. IDENTITY
Pedro J. Emos. (1992). Color Cement Handicraft. USA.

b. Unity
 Creating a sense of unity through controlled chaos is more difficult than a sense of unity
through similarity (concept).
 Many of the best-loved areas of cities in the world with extraordinarily high property values
have a remarkable unity in design but to many critics for unity in old fashioned idea today.
 Unity and simplicity of design can be found everywhere with the idea from the designer.
 Even if a perfect unity of design, without the slightest apparent exception, could be pointed
out as prevailing in the universe prove a unity in the power which produced it (repetition).
 3. IDENTITY
Kenneth B. Hall, Gerald A. Porterfield. (2001. Community By Design: New Urbanism For Suburbs and Small Communities. USA.

c. Character
d. Specialness 3. IDENTITY