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Biochemical Oxygen Demand and Metabolism
Biochemical Oxygen Demand and Metabolism
B.O.D.
Biochemical Oxygen Demand
The Quantity of Oxygen Used in the
Biochemical Oxidation of Organic Material.
Under:
Specified Time
Specified Temperature
Specified Conditions
5 Days
200 C
In the Dark
In the Presence
of Bacteria
BaYO
Hc
O
Cz x
NH3
teO z
H Y ria
x
Bacteria
O
NH3
CxHYOz
Nutrients
O
O2
O2 B
a
NH ctHerYO z
3C x i
a
O2
H C xH
YO
z
Oz
O2
NH 3
O2
O2 CxHYOz
Oxygen
Measure
D.O. Concentration
D.O. Day 5
= Oxygen Demand
O2
O2
O2
H3
N
O2
O
H2
2
CO
N
O3
O2
BOD
TS
N
GE
A
RE
Distilled Water
High Quality
Free of Toxic Material
Free of Oxygen Demanding Substances
BOD
TS
N
GE
A
RE
Distilled Water
Phosphate Buffer
Magnesium Sulfate
Calcium Chloride
Ferric Chloride
OTHER REAGENTS
DECHLORINATING AGENT
Sodium Sulfite - Na2SO3
NITRIFICATION INHIBITOR
CBOD
SAMPLE PRETREATMENT
Temperature
Near 200C
pH
Agitate
Dechlorinate
DILUTION WATER
Distilled Water
plus
BUFFER
plus
NUTRIENTS
High Quality
No Toxics
No Organics
pH 7.2
(Phosphorus
and Ammonia)
Magnesium
Calcium
Iron
BOD PROCEDURE
DILUTE SAMPLE
Minimum Residual, 1.0 mg/L
Minimum Depletion, 2.0 mg/L
At Least Two Dilutions
Thoroughly Mix Sample
TCMP
0.10 gram/bottle
Two shots
BOD PROCEDURE
Source of Seed (bacteria)
Settled Sewage
Primary Effluent
Commercially
Available
Adapted Seed
dilution water)
STOPPER
dilution water)
STOPPER
INCUBATE
20 1C
5 Days 6 hour
(wash bottles)
B.O.D. Calculation
D.O. In - D.O. Out
= DEPLETION
Sample
BOD
Sample
Volume
BOD Sample =
BOD Sample =
BOD
Diluted
BOD Diluted
Sample Volume
Depletion
Sample Volume
X
X
Diluted
Volume
Volume
Diluted
X 300 mL
B.O.D. mg/L =
BOD PROCEDURE
DILUTE SAMPLE
Minimum Residual, 1.0 mg/L
Minimum Depletion, 2.0 mg/L
At Least Two Dilutions
Thoroughly Mix Sample
If Required
De-chlorinated Samples
Industrial Samples
Reference Samples
D2 =
D1 - D 2
BOD(seeded)= Sample VolumeX 300 mL
D2 =
D2 Must Be Calculated
Based on Bottle with Just Seed
D2 =
5 mL
8.6 mg/L
5.8 mg/L
5 mL
8.7 mg/L
4.8 mg/L
Reference
Solution
Organics
Seed
Bacteria
And
Organics
5 mL
1 mL
5 mL
5 mL
8.6 mg/L
5.8 mg/L
5 mL
8.7 mg/L
4.8 mg/L
D1 - D2
BOD
X 300 mL
=
seeded
Sample Volume, mL
D1 = Depletion of Sample & Seed
D1 = 8.7 mg/L - 4.8 mg/L
D1 = 3.9 mg/L
5 mL
8.6 mg/L
5.8 mg/L
5 mL
8.7 mg/L
4.8 mg/L
D1 - D2
BOD
X 300 mL
=
seeded
Sample Volume, mL
D2 = Depletion of Seed
(In Seeded Sample)
5 mL
8.6 mg/L
5.8 mg/L
5 mL
8.7 mg/L
4.8 mg/L
D1 - D2
BOD
X 300 mL
=
seeded
Sample Volume, mL
3.9 mg/L- 0.56 mg/LX 300 mL
BOD =
5 mL
3.34 mg/LX 300 mL
BOD = 5 mL
Winkler Method
Iodometric Method
Mn SO4
2 Mn(OH)2
MnO(OH)2
2 KI
Mn(SO4)2
Mn(OH)2
2 KOH
K2SO4
2 MnO(OH)2
O2
2 H2SO4
Mn(SO4)2
Mn SO4
K2SO4
3 H2O
I2
1. Takes Mixing
2. Takes Time
D.
0.
M
e te
D.O. METER
Advantages
Saves Time
Continuous Monitoring
Less Chemical Interference
Portable
D.O. METER
Limitations
(Membrane Electrode)
Daily Calibration
Flow Past Membrane
Membrane May Foul
Requires Training
D.O. METER
Advantages
Saves Time
Continuous Monitoring
Less Chemical Interference
Portable
Ultimate BOD
K Values
Respiration
Overview;
Glucose to Carbon dioxide + Water +Energy
C6H12O6 + O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + 38 ATP
Glucose is highly reduced; contains energy
Oxygen receives the electrons to form energy
4 separate reactions
Glycolysis, Transition Reaction, Krebs Cycle,
Electron Transport, Chemiosomosis
Requires Oxygen
Chapter 5
Photosynthesis
Plants
CO2 + H2O + Light C6H12O6 + O2
Water is split to release electrons
Bacteria
H2S is used not water
Sulfur or Sulfuric Acid formed
Oxygen not released
Chlorophyll is different
Strict Anaerobe
Purple & GreenChapter
Sulfur
Bacteria
5