VAC3053 PENGELUARAN TANAMAN BUAH

BUAHAN
ASSIGNMENT 2 DOKONG PRODUCTION
LECTURER: PUAN SITI FAIRUZ BINTI YUSOFF
NAMA

NO. MATRIK

SYAIFUL MIRZA BIN

D20132065308

KAMAROSZAMAN
NAZROL AZWAN BIN NAIN

D20132065486

DOKONG

Flowering
affected by
climate and
rain

Lansium
domesticu
m Corr.

Eaten
Fresh

INTRODUCTIO
N
Sweeter
than
duku/langs
at

Kelantan
Terengga
nu,
Johor,
Pahang,
Kedah

3 types
-Dokong Air
-Dokong
Kering
-Dokong
Butir

DOKONG KERING
Very sweet
Thick skin
No sap and seed
Fruit are closer
DOKONG BIJI OR
together
BUTIR
Solid flesh and non Slightly bigger
watery
Thin flesh, non Commercialized
watery and solid.
High demand
Sweet sour taste
Best Kualiti
Thickest skin
No commercial
value
Use as rootstocks

JENIS
DOKONG

DOKONG AIR
High water
content
Less sweet
Thin skin,
Sticky sap
Less wanted
Low market
value

DOKONG BOTANY
Kingdom
Unranke

Plantae
Angiospe

d
Unranke

rms
Eudicots

d
Unranke

Rosids

d
Order

Sapindal

Famili

es
Meliacea

Genus
Species

e
Lansium
Lansium
domestic
um

Simple fruit>
Fleshy > Berry

BRANCH MORPHOLOGY

Can reach up to 6m
to 10m

Sappy

Woody plant
Greyish colour

FLOWER MORPHOLOGY

Inflorescence
Crosspolination due
to insect and
wind

Medium
thickness
and sappy

Yellow to grey
colour

Hermaphrodite

30 Flowers,
Round and
oval shaped

Flower
diameter
2.5 to 5cm

FRUIT MORPHOLOGY

50% Polyembryony
Round and oval shaped
Sappy when young, not when
matured
Bitter seeds, Sweet sour
flesh
Yellowish when ripe
Atleast 2 seeds in one fruit

ROOT MORPHOLOGY

ROOT
Taproot

Terminal Root

FARM MANAGEMENT

Soil pH,
Barrier
Plant:
Low
ground
600
m above
sea
level
pH
6
7to unsuitable
latosol, yellow
podzolic,
aluvium
Tolerance
soil
Durian
and
Rambutan
Shaded
and optimum light
settings
Rain
distribution1500
to 2500
mm per
year

SEED PREPARATION

BIJ
I

Cleane
d
before
High
plante
quality
d as
seeds
seedli
are kept
ng in
sandy
seedbo
x

Fungici
de to
avoid
fungus
infectio
n

0.5 to
1.0 cm
deep

Put
horizont
ally
before
embedde
d

Sand
is use
to
cover
up

Watered
Watered
2 times
a
a day
day

SEED
Long Juvenile stage : 8-17 years
Seed Transplant
8 to 10 week, Saplings is saparated before tranferred
into polybag
Saplings : At least 2 leaves
8 to 10 Month : 20 cm height and at least 8 leaves will
be planted into soil

Plating
hole 60 cm
x 60 cm x
60 cm.

Topsoil is
saparated

Mix with
200gm CIRP
and 10 kg
organic
fertilizer

Planted
vertically

Polibag is
removed

Soil is
compacte
d

Add wood
stake for
support

6-8 m
distance

Planted at
1-2 years
old and
reach 75
cm height

DOKONG
PLANTING

40% to 60%
shade
( durian,
rambutan)

TRANSPLANTING

DAMAGED
PLANT,
INFECTED
PLANT

TRANSPLANT

FERTILIZATION
FOLIAR APPLICATION WEEKLY IS
RECOMMENDED
Stages

Age (year)

Plating

Basic

Growing

Fruiting

1
2
3
4
5

6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15 and above

Type of
fertilizers
CIRP
Organic
Material
14:13:19:2
15:15:15 or
15:15:6:4

andOrganic
Material
12:12:17:2+T
E

12:6:22:3

Organic
Material

Rate
(Kg/%)

Time of application

0.2
10.0

Planting (with topsoil)

0.5
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
10kg

6.0
6.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
8.0
8.0
8.0
8.0
9.0

Once every 3 month (especially

during rain season)

Organic Material 3 times every

year at 10 kg/tree rate
3 times a year:1/2 part after fruiting.
1/4 part 2 month before fruiting
1/4 part after pistillate

Organic Material 2 times every

year at 10 kg/tree rate

 WATERING

DONE ACCORDING TO PLANTS STAGE OF GROWING.

TO AVOID STUNTED GROWTH ESPECIALLY IN
DROUGHT SEASON

1-2 years old plants need 9-11 litre of water

daily

8-12 years old plants need 40-48 litre of

water daily

20-22 years old plants need 97-116 litre of

water daily

Planted 6 Month before Planting

saplings

Shelter Plant

Give 40-60% shade

for optimum growing
rate

Can be cut down after 3

years to avoid competition

PRUNING

Prune to shaped the main trunk

Prune to encourage fruit production

Prune to avoid diseases

DISEASE
Fruit rot

Anthracnose
(colletotrich
um spp.)

Fruit becomes damages and

rot
Lower yield
Copper oxychloride during
fruiting stage at 0.1% rate.
Repeat if necessary.

Small spot and fruit turned

brown
Fruit fall
Use cooper oxycloride.

Pink
Disease
(Cortium
salmonicol
or)
Black
mildew
(Meliola
spp.)

Scab

Branches and Trunk

Covered by white mycelium and turn pink
Yellowish leaf and fall
Pruning and treated with cooper
oxychloride.

Leaf and fruit.

Covered by black mycelia. Affect
photosynthesis and fruit quality
Spray with white oil and fungicide.

Trunk and branches

Stunted, Dieback and disrupt fruit
production
Browning and nodulate, turn darker when
matured
Form scab and sometimes contain worms
Use fungicide (copper hydroxide, copper
oxychloride dan metallic copper).

Chemical
40
Copper
hydroxide

60
80
44

Copper
oxychloride

60
80

Rate
gm/18 litre
air
gm/18 litre
air
gm/18 litre
air
gm/18 litre
air
gm/18 litre
air
gm/18 litre
air

Condition
Medium
Medium Bad
Bad

Medium
Medium Bad
Bad

Fruit Rot
Anthracnose
Pink Disease
Black Mildew
Scab

PEST CONTROL

Stembo
rer

Leafeating
worm

Fruit
Fly

Spot formed on tree trunk.

Stunted and lower yield
Damaged part is pruned and badly damages branches is
burned.
Use dimethoate when needed with 0.5% rate monthly
for badly damaged plant and once every 3 month for
moderately damaged plant.
Larvae eats young shoot and leave the cuticle
Leaf will dried out and turned brown on the edge
Spray dimethoate at 0.1% rate at shoot development
stage

Ripe fruit are attacked. Fruit becomes watery and turned

dark brown.
Bait using protein hydrolysaste and pesticide. Spray on
leaf.
Use methl-eugenol to trap flies.

HARVESTING

Start fruiting after 5-6 years of planting. At

early stages, produce about 3 tan per hectare
(123 trees per hectare with 9m x 9m distance)
Optimum production at 14 years old with
estimated yield of 14 tan per hectare.
Harvest by cutting the stalk using scissors or
knife
Harvested fruit are kept carefully to avoid
physical damages. Stairs are used when
harvesting tall trees.

FRUIT MATURITY INDEX

Index
1

In a bunch, every fruit is pale yellowish and greenish

Index
2

In a bunch, every fruit is pale yellowish and 6-8 fruits is

greenish

Index
3

In a bunch, every fruit is yellowish and 1-2 fruits is greenish

Index
4

In a bunch, every fruit is bright yellow

Index
5

In a bunch, every fruit is yellowish and brownish

Index
6

In a bunch, every fruit is yellowish and darker brown

MENGUTIP HASIL

Waktu
menguti
p

10-11 AM and 3-4

PM

Cara
menguti
p

Alatan
digunak
an

Tree are climbed

Done carefully to
avoid damaging
the tree
Fruit are put into
a bin and carried
down using rope
Bin
Rope
Secateur
Manually

POST HARVEST

Handlin
g

Graddi
ng
Storage

HANDLIN
G

Every bunch is kept carefully

Fruit is examined for any damage
Unripe or damaged fruit are exiled

GRADDIN
G

Grade A:
Big size with 3 cm in diameter, Lush and long
bunch. Clean and clear skin
Grade B:
Moderate size, Sparse and short bunch.
Slightly damaged skin
Grade C:
Loose fruit, varies in size

STORAGE

Ripe Dokong can be kept for 3-5 days

at room temperature
Skin will wilt if it is stored for longer
duration of time. Must be sold
quickly
Chiller will turn the skin blackish
(not recommended)

PRESENTATION DONE!!!

THANK YOU