HYDROGEN

PRODUCTION USING
ELECTROLYSIS
Fuja Adwina Sahyugi (151411009)
Nabila Fatin Kamilasari (151411021)
1A
D3 Chemical Engineering

Objective
Knowing how to make hydrogen
gas from water by electrolysis
determining the flow rate of gas
that is formed by the variations of
time, voltage, and concentration
Identify the reactions involved
during a water electrolysis.

Theory
Electrolysis means passing an electric
current through an ionized medium to
cause a chemical reaction. The
container in which electrolysis is carried
out is called an electrolytic cell. The
positive electrode, at which electrons
are produced, is called the anode. The
electrode at which electrons are
consumed is the cathode and is labeled
as the negative electrode. Electrolysis
only occurs when enough electrically
charged ions are present in an
electrolytic medium to carry an electric
current. Distilled water does not conduct

Catoda :2H2O(l)+2e-2OH-(aq)+H2(g)
Anoda : 2H2O(l)O2(g)+4H+(aq)+4eGas formed by water electrolysis is called HHO gas or
oxyhydrogen or browns gas.

Tools and Materials

Tools:
1.
2.
3.
4.

Materials:

Beaker 250 ml (2 pcs)

1.
Funnel
2.
Stir bar
3.
Volumetric flask 250 ml (1
pc)
5. Measuring cylinder 100 ml
(1pc)
6. Suction Ball
7. Rectifier
8. Electrolyzer
9. Platinum electrode
10. Cable and clamp (2 pcs)

Solution of NaOH 1%
Aquadest
Solution of H2SO4 2%
and 4%

Flowsheet
Making the
solution of NaOH
1%

Pouring solution
of NaOH 1% into
rectifier

Setting the
voltage at 5 Volt

Measuring the current

and the changing of
volume H2 (catoda) every
5 minutes until 25
minutes

The electrolyzer is
connected by cable and
clamp to rectifier (catoda
pole is and anoda pole is
+)

Re-measuring the
current and the
changing of volume
H2 (catoda) with
different voltages

Flowsheet
Making the
solution of H2SO4
4%

Pouring solution
of H2SO4 4% into
rectifier

Setting the
voltage at 3 Volt

Measuring the changing

of volume H2 (catoda)
every 5 minutes until 25
minutes

The electrolyzer is
connected by cable and
clamp to rectifier (catoda
pole is and anoda pole is
+)

Re-measuring the
changing of volume
H2 (catoda) with
different concentrate
(2%)

Observational Data
The Relationship Between Voltages (V) vs Hydrogen Gas H 2
Volume (mL) of Water Electrolysis (NaOH 1%)

No

Volume of H2 Gas Formed (mL)

Solutio
n of
5
10
15
20
25
NaOH
minut minut minut minut minut
1%
es
es
es
es
es
(Volt)

2.5

0.3

0.5

0.6

0.8

1
1.7
3.8

The2Relationship
the
5 Between
0.4 the Electric
0.8 Currents
1.1 (mA) vs
1.3
Voltages (V) of Water Electrolysis (NaOH 1%)

No

1
2
No3

7.5
1.1
1.8
2.5
3.2
The Current (mA)
Solutio
n of
5
10
15
20
25
NaOH
minut minut minut minut minut
1%
es
es
es
es
es
(Volt)

2.5
6
6
5.5
5.5
5.75
5
12.25 12.25
12.5
12.5
12
Concentrat
Volume
of 21
Hydrogen
7.5
20
21
21Gas 21

The Relationship Between the Hydrogen Gas Formed vs Times

e of H2SO4
solution

2%

5 min

1 ml

10 min

1.8 ml

15 min

2.7 ml

20 min

3.5 ml

25 min

4.2 ml

The Calculation

Pressure (P) = 1 atm

Temperature (T) = 25oC =

298 K
R = 0.0821 L atm/mole K

1% of NaOH Solution (2.5

Volt) time (t) = 5 minutes
Theoretically
V = 0.3 mL = 0.0003 L
n = PV
RT
n = 1 atm x 0.0003 L .
0.0821 L atm/mole K x 298 K
n = 1.23 x 10-5 mole
mass = (1.23 x 10-5 mole) x 2

gram/mole
mass = 2.46 x 10-5 gram

Practically

w = I x t x Ar
n x 96500
w = 0.006 x 5 x 60 x 2
4 x 96500
w = 9.3 x 10-6 gram

% Yield = 9.3 x 10-6 gr x 100%

2.46 x 10-5 gr
% Yield = 37.8%

Volt

2.5

7.5

t
m
w
%
(minutes) theoretica practicall yield
lly (gr)
y (gr)
5
2.5 x 10-5
9.3 x 10-6 37.8%
10
4.0 x 10-5
1.9 x 10-5 47.5%
15
4.8 x 10-5
2.6 x 10-5 54.71
%
20
6.6 x 10-5
3.4 x 10-5 51.5%
25
8.2 x 10-5
4.5 x 10-5 54.9%
5
3.2 x 10-5
1.9 x 10-5 59.4%
10
6.4 x 10-5
3.8 x 10-5 59.4%
15
9.0 x 10-5
5.8 x 10-5 64.4 %
20
10.6 x 10-5 7.7 x 10-5 72.64
%
25
13.8 x 10-5 9.3 x 10-5 67.4%
5
9 x 10-5
3.1 x 10-6 34.4%
10
14.8 x 10-5 6.5 x 10-5 43.9%
15
20 x 10-5
9.8 x 10-5
49%
20
26.14 x 10-5 13 x 10-5 49.7%
25
31 x 10-5
16.3 x 10-5 52.58
%

 Electric current has a role important in increasing productivity

Brown's Gas from a electrolysis process in the form of volume flow
gas. The higher voltage that used, the electric current will be higher
too, if the solution or liquid that used is same every different voltage
(Ohm Law). The electric current has affect to electrolysis process.
If electric current is higher, hydrogen gas will be faster and easier
to formed.
Practically, from the the relationship between the currents (mA) vs
the Voltages (V) of water electrolysis (NaOH 1%) curve. It shows
the higher voltage is used, the electric current will be higher too. It
corresponds with Ohm Law : V = I . R, in which every solution and
liquid have their own resitances. So in the practice, the resistance
(R) is constant because solution that used for discover the
relationship different voltages with electric current is same (NaOH
1%).

The Curve of Water Electrolysis

The Relationship Between the Electric Currents (mA) vs the Voltages (V) of Water Electrolysis (NaOH 1%)
Current
(mA)

25

21

20

21

15

12.5
12.25
12.5

10
65.5
5.5

5
0

21
20

4
Current in 5 minutes
Current in 20 minutes

Current in 10 minutes
Current in 25 minutes

Current in 15 minutes
Voltages (V)

The Relationship Between Voltages (V) vs Hydrogen Gas H2 Volume (mL) of Water Electrolysis (NaOH 1%)
H2 Volume (mL)

3.8

3.5

3.2

3
2.5

2.5

2
1

1
0.8
0.6
0.5
0.3

0.5
0

1.8

1.7
1.3
1.1
0.8
0.4

1.5

Hydrogen Volume in 5 min

Hydrogen Volume in 20 min

5
Hydrogen Volume in 10 min
Hydrogen Volume in 25 min

1.1

7
Hydrogen Volume in 15 min

The concentration affect to process of electrolysis, too. It directly proportional to the

volume of gas hydrogen.The higher concentration of the solution the more volume of
hydrogen gas formed. This happened because of the higher concentration of the
solution the more hydrogen ions (H+) contained in the solution.
Pratically, the value of hydrogen gas formed from solution H2SO4 2% is lower than
value of hydrogen gas formed from solution H2SO4 4%. It can be showed by the this
curve.

The Relationship Between the Hydrogen gas formed (ml) vs times

H2SO4 solution 2%

Column1

9
8

7.7

6.6

6
5

4
3

2.7

2
1
0 0
0 minutes

4.2

3.9

3.5
2.7

1.8
1
5 minutes

10 minutes

15 minutes

20 minutes

25 minutes

Conclusion
Hydrogen gas can be formed by water electrolysis.
Water electrolysis is called alkalis electrolysis, because it needs catalyst solution
for the passes of process.
Factor affecting of electrolysis are quality of electrolyte, temperature, pressure,
electric current, electrolyte resistance, concentrate of solution.
Theoretically, mass of gas hydrogen formed can be measured by PV = NRT.
Practically, mass of hydrogen gas formed can be measured by Faradays Law,
w = (e x t x i) / 96500
The difference value between calculation by theoretically and calculation by
practically is caused by unstable current, quality of solution, temperature and
pressure.

SOURCES
Anonim. t.t. Sel Elektrolisis.
[http://www.academia.edu/6753882/Jurnal_KIMFIS_II_Sel_Elektrolisis]. Diundunh pada 20
April 2016.
Hadi, Wahyono. t.t. PRODUKSI GAS HIDROGEN MELALUI PROSES ELEKTROLISIS
SEBAGAI SUMBER ENERGI. [http://digilib.its.ac.id/public/ITS-Undergraduate-161103307100021-paper.pdf]. Diunduh pada 16 April 2016.
Wiryawan, Dody, dll. t.t. PENGARUH VARIASI ARUS LISTRIK TERHADAP PRODUKSI
BROWNS GAS PADA ELEKTROLISER. [http://mesin.ub.ac.id/jurnal/jurnal/data/dodyw.pdf].
Diunduh pada 16 April 2016.