PHL 458 AID Education

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PHL 458 Entire Course

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PHL 458 Week 1 Individual Assignment Critical Thinking and Society

Presentation
PHL 458 Week 1 Individual Assignment Critical and Creative Thinking in
Society Short Essays (2 Papers)
PHL 458 Week 1 DQ 1
PHL 458 Week 1 DQ 2
PHL 458 Week 1 DQ 3
PHL 458 Week 2 Individual Assignment Creative Spark Talk Analysis
PHL 458 Week 2 Team Assignment Think Different Exercise
PHL 458 Week 2 Individual Assignment Solve a Problem Journal PHL 458
Week 2 DQ 1
PHL 458 Week 2 DQ 2
PHL 458 Week 2 DQ 3
PHL 458 Week 3 Individual Assignment Refining Solutions Visual
Organizer

PHL 458 Week 1 DQ 1

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Week 1 DQ 1
Neurophysiologist research suggests that human thinking has two
distinct phases which are complementary in making decisions or
solving problems. The first, or production phase, is associated with our
creative thinking- seeing the familiar in a novel way, generating a
variety of ideas, and a willingness to take imaginative risks; the second,
or judgment phase, kicks in our critical thinking, as the mind goes to
work evaluating, distinguishing fact and evidence from sense
impression, and running the tests of logic to apply what has been
produced (Ruggiero, 2009, pp. 7-8). [Chapter 1: The Brain & Mind at
Work]
Both phases of thinking can be discerned in almost any invention that
marks modern life. Chester Carlsons invention of Xerography (the
Xerox Machine) in 1938 has had as much impact as any invention we
could name. Do some research on his invention. A good article is found
on the Great Idea Finder website
[www.ideafinder.com/history/inventions/xerography.htm], or listen to

PHL 458 Week 1 DQ 2

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Week 1 DQ 2
Debating moral questions is important as we seek to solve problems or
face complex issues in life. Our text mentions four working principles,
as we evaluate the obligations, ideals, consequences and
circumstances in a situation (Ruggiero, 2009, pp. 41-42). [Chapter 2:
The Basis of Moral Judgment] Select ONE of the cases included in our
text on pages 46-47 [Application 2.6 at end of CH 2], using the
following criteria: If your last name starts with AJ, you are assigned
Case A. If your last name starts with KR, you are assigned Case B. If
your last name starts with SZ, you are assigned Case C.
Read your case and respond to the following questions in a Post of 200250 words, and then react to your classmates analysis and moral
judgments:
2.1 Identify the important moral questions in your case.
2.2 Judge the morality or ethics of the action that was taken, or
proposed (explain your thinking or reasoning carefully).

PHL 458 Week 1 DQ 3

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Week 1 DQ 3
Some of the most innovative people were branded by their
contemporaries as slow learners (Winston Churchill), clumsy (Martha
Graham), stupid (Thomas Edison), or unimpressive (Albert Einstein). Yet
these individuals persisted in developing their creative and critical
thinking abilities, refusing to define themselves by other peoples
assessments.
That process of being exposed to society- home, neighborhood, church,
school, and so on, is called acculturation. The author of our text
encourages us to examine the values and beliefs we have assumed to
be true: Make your beliefs prove themselves, not on the basis of their
familiarity or their compatibility with other ideas, but on their
reasonableness in light of the evidence (Ruggiero, 2009, p. 54).
[Chapter 3: Habits That Hinder Thinking]

PHL 458 Week 1 Individual Assignment Critical and Creative Thin

king in Society Short Essays (2 Papers)

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This Tutorial contains 2 Different Papers Write 150 to 200 words on

each of the following topics: Describe a situation of public interest in
which critical and/or creative thought could have been used for a better
outcome. Describe why it is important to think critically and creatively
in similar situations. Define free will, truth, knowledge, and opinion.
Explain how we use them to form thoughts. What role does each play in
critically assessing situations? Identify three hindrances to the critical
thinking process. Determine methods for overcoming these hindrances.
Identify a time in which you experienced a hindrance in critical
thinking. Describe a method you could use to overcome the hindrances.
Identify a message in advertising. Describe how you perceive the
message of the advertisement. Try to determine the reality of the
advertisement. Distinguish between your perception and the reality of
the message.

PHL 458 Week 1 Individual Assignment Critical Thinking and Soc

iety Presentation
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Present on each of the following topics with a slide or two/bullet:

Describe a situation in which critical and creative thought could have
been used for a better outcome. This could be a personal or societal
problem or issue. Describe why it is important to think critically and
creatively in similar situations (2 slides).
Define free will, truth, knowledge, and opinion. Explain how we use
them to form thoughts, and how they may bear on your problem or
issue (4 slides).
Identify three hindrances to the critical/creative thinking process.
Determine methods for overcoming these hindrances. Identify a
hindrance in critical or creative thinking that affected youre solution or
approach to the problem or issue here. Describe a method you could
use to overcome the hindrances (3 or 4 slides).

PHL 458 Week 2 DQ 1

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Week 2 DQ 1
Looking over a list of the worlds inventions is in itself a good reminder
that we each stand on the shoulders of those who have gone before
us. It also brings to mind the fact that we take a lot for granted. Doing
this exercise we may even come to think that all the worlds inventions
are already here and in use. What an interesting creativity-blocker that
could be! Then delving into the mind of any inventor exposes us to the
very creative process itself, to the ways critical thinking shaped original
ideas, and to the interesting steps that brought an innovative idea to
market. Even the naming of an invention can in itself invite us into the
creative process!

PHL 458 Week 2 DQ 2

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Week 2 DQ 2
This Discussion Question will invite each of us to borrow from a
Famous Thinker. Select any ONE Thinker from our Electronic Reserve
Readings list who effected social change. Read the article(s) for that
Thinker, and in a Post of 250 to 300 words, respond to the following
questions:
2.1 Describe some strategies employed by your famous thinker to
activate his or her imagination, such as uncommon responses, free
association, analogy, unusual combinations, visualization, pro and con
arguments, and relevant scenarios.

PHL 458 Week 2 DQ 3

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Week 2 DQ 3
This Discussion Question will invite each of us to do a Controversial
Issues Brainstorming session. Note that our text makes a key
distinction between a problem and an issue, both of which call us to
use our creative and critical thinking skills, to come up with innovative
solutions or novel approaches. Inventors and scientists focus more on
problems, while politicians, parents and leaders address human issues.
Select ONE of the following issues and do a quick Internet search for
some background on it:
The fast-food industrys relation to obesity
Granting rights to illegal immigrants
Auto accidents caused by cell phone use
Restoring voting rights to rehabilitated felons
Regulation of abortions at state versus federal level

PHL 458 Week 2 Individual Assignment Creative Spark Talk Anal

ysis

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Review the entire list of talks on the "Creative Spark" TED channel.
Select one talk that is of interest to you and watch it in its entire length.
Write a 700- to 1,050-word summary of the salient points made in the
talk and its supporting details that catch your interest. Indicate the
name and position of the speaker and the location and year of the talk
in your summary. Conclude your summary with a reflection of the
following: How the talk's content illuminates some of the stages of
creativity How the topic of the talk relates to the concepts of
imagination and curiosity How some of the points made in the talk
might apply to your personal experience and benefit society as a whole
Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines.

PHL 458 Week 2 Individual Assignment Solve a Problem Journal

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Create a Solution Journal in which you use the creative process to solve
a problem with which you have experience. Include the following:
Describe each stage in the creative process using Ch. 5 of your text
(Entry 1).
Search for a personal challenge. Explain how you used the techniques
to develop curiosity in your search (see Ch. 6) (Entry 2).
Express the problem created by this personal challenge (see Ch. 7).
Refine your expression of the problem by considering multiple
perspectives and deciding which expression is best. Include both the
initial and the refined version. Justify your revision (Entry 3).
Investigate the problem by obtaining necessary information (see Ch. 8).
List the questions must answer to understand the problem. Identify a
source of information to answer each question (Entry 4).

PHL 458 Week 2 Team Assignment Think Different Exercise

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In 1997, Apple, Inc. supported its "Think Different" marketing campaign

with a 1-minute commercial featuring black-and-white footage of 17
iconic 20th-century personalities. The commercial was conceptualized
by the Los Angeles-based advertising agency TBWA/Chiat/Day. Find a
copy of this commercial, also known as the "Crazy Ones" commercial,
on the Internet and watch it. Identify the 17 individuals shown in the
background and, as a team, discuss the following questions: What did
each of the individuals contribute to the world? How was each of these
contributions rooted in creative thinking; that is, how did each change
existing paradigms of seeing or experiencing the world? Are there
defining characteristics shared among all or most of the individuals?
What is the value of imagination and thinking outside the box with
regard to their contributions? Summarize your findings in a 350- to 700word word paper and be prepared to discuss them in class. Format your
summary consistent with APA guidelines.

PHL 458 Week 3 DQ 1

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Week 3 DQ 1
Each of us makes assumptions continually in a typical day, and many of
them are hidden. Clearly this is an important potential obstacle of clear
or critical thinking. Stephen Covey recognized this when he said, We
simply assume that the way we see things is the way they really are or
the way they should be. And our attitudes and behaviors grow out of
these (ThinkExist.com). Marshall McLuhan called us to an ongoing
review of our assumptions: Most of our assumptions have outlived
their usefulness (ThinkExist.com).

PHL 458 Week 3 DQ 2

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Week 3 DQ 2
Chapter 11 in our text is about solving problems we encounter in our
personal, professional or vocational lives. Most of us can call up a
problem that can be worked on from either of these domains, fairly
easy. Practice in problem-solving is also a major goal of this course.
Select one problem that is current or as recent as possible for you in
one of these areas (or if you cannot come up with one, select one
problem covered in Chapter 11), and in a post of 200 to 250 words,
respond to the following questions:
State the problem concisely, using enough detail as you feel is needed,
but changing names or places if necessary to keep confidences.
Apply the three major problem solving steps covered in this chapter,
aiming to propose a solution to you problem, that logically follows the
steps used.
How would you evaluate the effectiveness of the solution you are

PHL 458 Week 3 DQ 3

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Week 3 DQ 3
Chapter 12 in our text helps us critically think through arguments and
issues we may face in our lives. Errors may affect the truth of the issue,
they may affect the validity of a premise or conclusion, or a hidden
premise that may side-track a solution. Dealing with simple or complex
arguments takes practice.
Select ONE of the Applications on pp. 222-224, and practice your
creative and critical skills by responding to the following questions, for
that Application:
Share the Application you selected. If you think it is a complex
argument, identify the parts, and state whether you think there is a
hidden premise implied.

PHL 458 Week 3 Individual Assignment Evaluating Truth and Vali

dity Exercise

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Select three of the scenarios in the Applications list 12.2 (a.-y.) at the
end of Ch. 12 in The Art of Thinking. Apply the following in 350 to 500
words for each scenario: Evaluate each argument, using the 4-step
process described on p. 218, regarding soundness of reasoning (truth
and validity). Explain your assessment and add alternative
argumentation where necessary. Format your paper consistent with APA
guidelines.

PHL 458 Week 3 Individual Assignment Refining Solutions Visua

l Organizer

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Most great solutions to problems begin with some initial flaws. Quality
solutions arise by refining ideas. Refine your solution to the problem
defined in your Week Two Individual Assignment by following the Three
Steps in Refining process outlined in Ch. 10 and Ch. 11 of your text.
Produce your refinements using ONE form of Visual Organizer (see
below). Include the following components in your Organizer:
Original issue
Initial solutions
Critical examination of best solution
Evaluation of the argument
Revised argument
Refined solution with implementation plan
Final solution

PHL 458 Week 3 Team Assignment Evaluating and Refining Resol

utions Presentation

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Refine your teams solution to the issue defined in the Week Two
Learning Team Instructions by following Ch. 12 (overcoming errors in
reasoning) and Ch. 13 (refining resolutions) of the text.
Create an 8- to 12-slide Microsoft PowerPoint presentation.
Use detailed speaker notes to describe your teams experience at each
stage, and post Presentation as instructed.
Include one or two slides on each of the following:
Original issue
Initial resolutions
Critical examination of best resolution
Evaluation of the argument
Revised argument
Refined resolution with implementation plan

PHL 458 Week 3 Team Assignment Solutions Presentation (New

)

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Search for problematic societal issues of public interest and pick one
issue you would like to resolve. Express the issue you found in your
search. Refine your expression and include both the original and the
refined version. Justify your revision. Investigate the issue by obtaining
necessary information. List the questions you must answer to
understand the issue. Conclude your investigation with a thorough
explanation of the issue, including answers to each of the questions
you identified. Produce ideas toward resolving this issue. Take note of
all of your initial ideas--whether you think they are ridiculous or serious
is not important. Discuss the two ideas that you think are the most
imaginative,

PHL 458 Week 4 DQ 1

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Week 4 DQ 1
Select one of the famous thinkers from our class supplemental reading,
and read the articles listed for your person. Then in a Response of 200
to 250 words, respond to the following questions (you may select the
same person you researched in Week 2):
How did your person refine his or her solution?
How did he or she recognize and overcome difficulties and opposition
to this solution?
Respond to one of the following: How did the discovery or revolution
your person brought into being relate to the creative process; how was
his or her contribution communicated to society? Or what strategies of
persuasion were used?

PHL 458 Week 4 DQ 2

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Week 4 DQ 2
Survey the list of Problem-solving Strategies posted in the class
Materials forum. You may want to refer to a website which explores
many of these methods or techniques used in business or problemsolving to address complex issues or problems (www.mindtools.com).
Select just one of these Strategies and in a Response of 200 to 250
words, respond to the following:
2.1 What is the nature of the strategy you selected (define and
describe it)?
2.2 Give one good example of the application of this strategy to a
problem or issue you have selected for this exercise
2.3 Comment on when and in what kinds of situations, this strategy
might be employed
2.4 Analyze this strategy in terms of its creative or critical power

PHL 458 Week 4 DQ 3

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Week 4 DQ 3
3.1 The history of philosophy is full of minor and major philosophers
who have used deductive logic to address the tough perennial
questions of life related to metaphysics (what is real), epistemology
(what is true), and ethics (what is the good life). Some of the issues
they have responded to have been quite esoteric, such as where or
how the human brain connects with the mind and thinking process
(Plato & Descartes). Many of the early philosophers tried to explain how
life changes, but also maintains some continuity (Pythagoras &
Socrates). Others wrestled with the question of how to create and
administer a just society (Kant & Rawls). Some have explored the
interesting nature of being, and how to be true to that essential nature
(Spinoza & Heidegger). Many have debated and explored the nature of
language and how it impacts society and power (Wittgenstein &
Foucault). And others have made as their major project the creation of
a new man who transforms society, hopefully for the better (Hegel &
Marx).

PHL 458 Week 4 Individual Assignment Famous Thinkers Paper

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Select and read the articles about two famous thinkers in the Week
Four Electronic Reserve Readings. Find additional articles in the
University Library or on the Internet.
Write a 1,050- to 1,400-word paper. Include the following:
Information about the thinkers contributions to society
Each thinkers personal/ social/ political environments and how you
think these factors contributed to their creativity
The problems or issues that their ideas sought to solve
A description of the solutions, and how their ideas were implemented
The creative process of each thinker and a comparison of the two
creative processes
A critique of their ideas and what could they have done differently

PHL 458 Week 4 Team Assignment Nomination of Creative Hero

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Brainstorm your own list of individuals known as highly creative

thinkers (not mentioned in the University of Phoenix Material: Creative
Genius List for this week's individual assignment). Select, as a team,
one creative thinker who changed the way people saw and/or
experienced the world. Summarize, in 350 to 500 words,
thisindividual's contributions and make a solid argument for why he or
she should be included in any list of important creative thinkers.
Include a brief comparison to the thinkers your team members selected
for their individual assignments this week: Do they share similar
creative processes and/or environments? Format your assignment
consistent with APA guidelines.

PHL 458 Week 5 Final IQ

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Week 5 Final IQ
Most of us do not think about our legacy in our twenties or thirties or
forties. Somewhere in our fifties, or at midlife, we begin to wonder what
our legacy will be to our kids, our family, our community and workers,
and our world. Legacy can be defined as .
Our use of what we have learned in this course, critical and creative
thinking skills and methods, does have something to do with our
legacy.

PHL 458 Week 5 Team Assignment Persuasive Communication

Presentation

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Use the issue addressed in your previous Learning Team Activity and
Assignment.
Select the most appropriate format to persuade your intended audience
of the resolution to your issue. Possible formats include a political
campaign, a city council proposal, an editorial article, a commercial, a
radio-style podcast, a comprehensive political pamphlet, an interactive
game, a website, and so forth.
Explain why you chose your format for your intended audience.
Create a presentation of your message as you would present it to your
intended audience. Include the following in your presentation:

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