CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION TO
INFORMATION SYSTEM
DEVELOPMENT

Learning objectives
1. Discuss why companies usually
change their system
2. Explain the 5 phases of the
systems development life cycle
3. Discuss the people involved in
system development and the role
they play.

INTRODUCTION
Computer based information
systems are made up of people,
procedures and equipment
Requires careful planning,
organizing, staffing,coordinating,
directing, and controlling all
elements to integrated the system

INTRODUCTION
Developing a new system requires
a number of steps or phases
System life cycle or Problemsolving cycle or System
Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
Emphasized on structured
approach

Why the system needs to

change?
Changes in user or business needs
Technological changes
Improved business process
Competitive advantage
Productivity gains
Growth, Downsizing
Quality improvement

Phases of SDLC
1. Preliminary investigation
(System planning)

Represents an initial investigation

about current system
Specify the project scope, defining
the system changes and its control.
Have to specify the resources to the
project

Phases of SDLC
2. Systems analysis

Detailed understanding of important

features of the system under
investigation
Determine information needs and
system requirements
Fact-gathering techniques being
used to get all information

Phases of SDLC
2. System Analysis

Do evaluation to the system

Concern on measurement

Ensure for: Cost saving benefit

Present values of cash flows
Comparing competing project
Tangible and intangible benefit

Error, omissions and misrepresentations

can distort the analysis

Phases of SDLC
3. Systems design

Decides how to meet user needs

Input and output documents are
designed
Computer programs are written
Files are created
Procedures are developed
Controls are built

Phases of SDLC
4. System Construction and
Implementation

Divided into two phases:1. Construction

Write out program codes
Individual system components are built
2. Implementation
Put into operational use
Training, manual preparation and convert
the current system into new system
Post implementation review is done to
evaluate the new system

Phases of SDLC
5. System maintenance

The system is periodically reviewed

Modifications are made as problem
arise or a new needs become
evident
If major modification or system
replacement is necessary and the
SDLC begins again

The players
1. Management

One of the most effective ways to

generate system development
support is a clear signal from top
management that involvement is
important
Providing support and
encouragement for development
projects and aligning information
systems with corporate strategies

The players
2. Accountant

May play three roles:1.As users

2.Members of the project

development team
3.Designing system controls
( auditors)

The players
3. Information system steering
committee

Establish an executive-level steering

committee to plan and oversee IS function
Set policies that govern the AIS, ensures
top-management participation, guidance,
and control, and facilitates the
coordination and integration of IS
activities to increase goal congruence and
reduce goal conflict.

The players
4. Project development team

Has a team of system specialists, managers,

accountants and auditors, and users that
guides its development
Plan, monitor, and communicate project
status

5. System analyst and programmers

Study existing systems, design new ones,

and prepare specifications that are used by
computer programmers
Write computer programs